Journal articles: 'Sydney (N.S.W.) – Commerce' – Grafiati (2024)

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Po l i s h In s u r a n c e La w i n t h e C o n t e x t o f t h e ‘Ac q u i s Communautaire’ UE Requirements (Recapitulation of the Standpoints Presented in the Chamber’s Works)SummarySubstantial changes of the legal status in the system of Polish economic insurance, called a revolution in the Polish insurance law, initiated by a series of bills dated 22 M ay 2003 and multiplicity of accompanying secondary legislation made the insurance market start numerous analytic works, also in the context o f the requirements to adapt to the com m unity law.These im portant and vast issues, already for some time, have been subject to studies and discussions taking place in the Insurance and Risk Management Cham ber of Commerce. They draw to a conclusion that the quality o f Polish law is unsatisfactory, the law is complicated and unclear. Further they show deficiencies in the knowledge of the com m unity law in Poland due to which a social and professional insurance education is necessary.Further adaptation measures should start from a substantial change of the law on insurance contract. This process should also regard the act insurance agencies.An urgent need of insurance education, belonging to a so-called Lisbon strategy adopted by the European Council in M arch 2000, is highly im portant for the insurance market.

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Numerical simulations are used to investigate the entrainment for forced turbulent fountains over a range of Reynolds numbers and Froude numbers, with ranges based on the fountain source properties. Other fountain properties such as height and width are also examined to provide information on the general structure of the fountains. The results show that the fountains have minimal Reynolds number dependency, while they have a strong linear relation with the Froude number for the cases considered in this study. The entrainment coefficient is obtained as well as scaling constants for height and width in terms of the Froude number. References G. Abraham. Jets with negative buoyancy in hom*ogeneous fluid. J. Hydraul. Res., 5(4):235248, 1967. doi:10.1080/00221686709500209. W. D. Baines, J. S. Turner, and I. H. Campbell. Turbulent fountains in an open chamber. J. Fluid Mech., 212:557592, 1990. doi:10.1017/S0022112090002099. L. J. Bloomfield and R. C. Kerr. A theoretical model of a turbulent fountain. J. Fluid Mech., 424:197216, 2000. doi:10.1017/S0022112000001907. H. C. Burridge and G. R. Hunt. Entrainment by turbulent fountains. J. Fluid Mech., 790:407418, 2016. doi:10.1017/jfm.2016.16. I. H. Campbell and J. S. Turner. Fountains in magma chambers. J. Petrol., 30(4):885923, 1989. doi:10.1093/petrology/30.4.885. P. D. Friedman, V. D. Vadakoot, W. J. Meyer, and S. Carey. Instability threshold of a negatively buoyant fountain. Exp. Fluids, 42(5):751759, 2007. doi:10.1007/s00348-007-0283-5. D. D. Gray and A. Giorgini. The validity of the Boussinesq approximation for liquids and gases. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 19(5):545551, 1976. doi:10.1016/0017-9310(76)90168-X. N. B. Kaye and G. R. Hunt. Weak fountains. J. Fluid Mech., 558:319328, 2006. doi:10.1017/S0022112006000383. B. P. Leonard and S. Mokhtari. Beyond first-order upwinding: The ultra-sharp alternative for non-oscillatory steady-state simulation of convection. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 30(4):729766, 1990. doi:10.1002/nme.1620300412. T. J. McDougall. Negatively buoyant vertical jets. Tellus, 33(3):313320, 1981. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v33i3.10718. T. Mizushina, F. Ogino, H. Takeuchi, and H. Ikawa. An experimental study of vertical turbulent jet with negative buoyancy. Warme Stoffubertrag., 16(1): 1521, 1982. doi:10.1007/BF01322802. B. R. Morton. Forced plumes. J. Fluid Mech., 5(1):151163, 1959. doi:10.1017/S002211205900012X. S. E. Norris. A parallel NavierStokes solver for natural convection and free surface flow. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 2000. J. S. Turner. Jets and plumes with negative or reversing buoyancy. J. Fluid Mech., 26(4):779792, 1966. doi:10.1017/S0022112066001526. N. Williamson, N. Srinarayana, S. W. Armfield, G. D. McBain, and W. Lin. Low-Reynolds-number fountain behaviour. J. Fluid Mech., 608:297317, 2008. doi:10.1017/S0022112008002310. N. Williamson, S. W. Armfield, and W. Lin. Forced turbulent fountain flow behaviour. J. Fluid Mech., 671:535558, 2011. doi:10.1017/S0022112010005872. H. Zhang and R. E. Baddour. Maximum penetration of vertical round dense jets at small and large Froude numbers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(5):550553, 1998. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:5(550).

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The L-moments of the Weibull distribution are derived and incorporated in the regional frequency analysis of peaksover-threshold significant wave heights at eleven stations along the eastern coast of Japan Sea. The effective duration of wave measurements varies from 18.0 to 37.2 years with the mean rate of 10.4 to 15.1 events per year. The eleven stations are divided into three regions to assure hom*ogeneity of the data. Both the Weibull and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distributions fit well to the observed data. The 100-year wave height varied from 8.2 to 11.2 m by the Weibull and 7.6 to 10.3 m by the GPA. The GPA distribution is not recommended for determination of design waves for these stations because it has an inherent upper limit and a tendency of under-prediction. References Coles, S. 2001. An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values, Springer, 208p. Goda, Y., Konagaya, O., Takesh*ta, N., Hitomi, H., and T. Nagai. 2000. Population distribution of extreme wave heights estimated through regional analysis, Coastal Engineering 2000 (Proc. 26th ICCE, Sydney), ASCE, Sydney, 1078-1091. Greenwood, J A., J. M. Landwehr, N. C. Matalas, and J. R. Wallis. 1978. Probability weighted moments: Definition and relation to parameters of several distributions expressable in inverse form, Water Resources Res., Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 1049-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/WR015i005p01049 Hosking, J. R. M. 1990. L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics, J. Roy. Statistical Soc., Series B, 52, pp. 105-24. Hosking, J. R. M. and J. R. Wallis. 1997. Regional Frequency Analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press, 224p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511529443 Ma, Q.-S., Li, Y.-B., and J. Li .2006. Regional frequency analysis of siginicant wave heights based on L-moments, China Ocean Engineering, 20(1), pp. 85-98. Petruaskas, C. and P. M. Aagaard. 1971. Extrapolation of historical storm data for estimating design wave heights, J. Soc. Petroleum Engrg., 11, pp. 23-27. van Gelder, P. H. A. J. M. 2000. Statistical Methods for the Risk-Based Design of Civil Structures, Ph.D. thesis Delft University of Technology, 249p. van Gelder, P. H. A. J. M., J. De Ronde, N. W. Neykov, and P. Neytchev. 2000. Regional frequency analysis of extreme wave heights: trading space for time, Coastal Engineering 2000

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<p>Anderson, W. J. (2006). The phraseology of administrative French: a corpus-based study. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 13(1), 128-134.</p><p>Feng, H., &amp; Liu, Y. (2010). Analysis of interpersonal meaning in public speeches- a case study of Obama’s speech. Journal of Language Teaching and Research.</p><p>Halliday, M., &amp; Matthiessen. (2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar 3rd Ed. London: Arnold.</p><p>Halliday, M., &amp; Matthiessen. (2014). Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar. USA: Routledge.</p><p>Haratyan, F. (2011). Halliday’s SFL and social meaning. International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences.</p><p>Holmes, J. (2007). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London: Longman.</p><p>Mogalakwe, M. (2006). The use of documentary research methods in social research. African Sociological Review.</p><p>Nurani, S. (2014). Register analysis of the conversations among petroleum engineers (a case study at PT. Dimas Utama). IJEE, 1(2), 167-188.</p><p>Nurani, S., Mufliharsi, R., &amp; Yohanna, L. (2014). Linguistic features analysis of the English electronic commerce websites. ENGLISH REVIEW: Journal of English Education, 2(2), 133-144.</p><p>Nurani, S., Widya, &amp; Harared, N. (2017). Commerce Register Analysis of Minangkabau Vernacular in a Colloquial Conversation: A Sociolinguistics Studies. UHAMKA International Conference on ELT and CALL (UICELL), 1-19.</p><p>Olateju, M.A., &amp; Yusuf, Y.K. (2006). Backchannel communication in Ola Rotimi’s our husband has gone mad again. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(4), 520-535.</p><p>Sadighi, M. B. (2008). Chomsky’s Universal Grammar and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics: an appraisal and a compromise. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 12(1), 11-28.</p>

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Curtis, A., Coomber, K., Droste, N., Hyder, S., Mayshak, R., Lam, T., Gilmore, W., Chikritzhs, T., & Miller, P. (2017). Consumption plans for the rest of the night among Australian nightlife patrons. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 19-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.243Aims: This study investigates associations between blood alcohol content (BAC), gender, location, time of night, and intention to consume more alcohol, energy drinks, and illicit drugs following a street intercept interview.Design: Interviews were conducted from December 2011 to July 2012.Setting: Interviews were conducted in nightlife areas of Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Wollongong, and Geelong, between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m.Participants: Data from 4,203 participants are utilized in the current paper.Measures: Participants were asked demographic questions, as well as questions about their intentions for the rest of the night (further alcohol, drug, and energy drink use), and completed a breathalyzer test.Findings: Over 70% of the nightlife patrons intended to consume more alcohol, and this was more likely for males, regional patrons, and those with a BAC of over 0.08 g/100 ml. Overall, intention to use drugs was consistent across BAC, location, and time of night, though males were significantly more likely than females to intend to consume drugs.Conclusions: Given the risky behaviors of the most intoxicated group out drinking late at night, interventions that target latenight drinking, high levels of intoxication, and high-risk drinkers are indicated.

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This study aims to determine the implementation of curriculum in learning activities of pre-school children and develop motion pattern-based learning media for pre-school children. This research was carried out in thirty kindergartens in East Jakarta. It was conducted in 4 months, from June to October 2018. This research is included in the development and evaluation research (mixed method). The scope of the research is the implementation of curriculum and the development of learning media for pre-school children by using customized tools. Data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using Guttman scale and Likert scale. Percentage of the implementation of learning for pre-schoolers in Kindergarten in East Jakarta is very good. The goal dimension got 98.2%, the content dimension got 99.3%, the method dimension got 99.3% and the evaluation dimension got 98.3%. The product of this study is a learning media that is adjusted to the implementation of motion pattern-based learning activities for pre-school children. Keywords: Early childhood education curriculum, Motion Pattern-Based Learning Media, Pre-school children References Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Arikunto, S. (2014). Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ayob, A., Badzis, M., & Nordin, A. L.Abdullah, R. (2016). Kurikulum Permata Negara. Tanjong Malim: NCDRC, UPSI. Azia, R. S. (1976). Curriculum Principles and Foundation. New York: Harper and Row Publisher. Boyle, T., & Phelps, R. (2010). Curriculum To Acknowledge Diversity. The International Journal of Learning, 17(2), 357–370. Brady, L. (1995). Curriculum development (5th ed.). Sydney: Prentice-Hall. Cholimah, N. (2012). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAUD Berdasarkan Permen 58 Tahun 2009. Criticos. (1996). Media. Amazon. George A.Beauchamp. (1981). Curriculum Theory. F.E. Peaco*ck Publisher. Jamaris, M. (2006). Perkembangan dan Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana. Johnson, M. (1967). Intentionality in Education. New York: Center for Curriculum Research and Services. Kawaitouw, Y. I., Widiastuti, A. A., & Kurniawan, M. (2018). Unit Studies Curriculum: Strategi Guru Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum di Jungle School Sidomukti. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 371–380. Kerlinger, F. N. (1990). Asas-asas Penelitian Behavioral (3th ed.). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Langgulung, H. (1989). Manusia dan Pendidikan: Suatu Analisa Psikologik dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Husna. MacDonald, J. B. (1965). Educational Models for Instruction. Washington DC: The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Olivia, P. F. (1992). Developing the Curriculum (Third Edit). New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. Ornstein, A. C. (2004). Curriculum:Foundation, Principles, and Issues. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Ozturk, I. H. (2011). Curriculum Reform and Teacher Autonomy in Turkey: the case of the History Teaching". International Journal of Instruction, 4 (2)(2), 113–127. Prihatini, P. (2014). Kajian Ide Kurikulum 2012 PAUD dan Implikasinya dalam Pengembangan KTSP. Cakrawala: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak USia Dini. Rahelly, Y. (2018). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 381–390. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.122.19 Rohmansyah, N. A. (2017). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Pendidikan Jasmani Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terintegrasi Siswa Kelas IV. JURNAL PENJAKORA, 4(28–35). Saylor, J. G., & Alexander, W. M. (1981). Curriculum Planning for Better Teaching and Learning. Holt-Rinehart and Winston. Sujiono, Y. N. (2009). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Sukmadinata, N. S. (2000). Pengembangan Kurikulum Teori dan Praktek. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Sutapa, P. (2014). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Kinestetik Untuk Anak Usia Pra Sekolah. Yogyakarta. Webster. (1993). Webster’s New International Dictionary. GC Company. Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Winarno. (2011). Winarno. Metodologi dalam Penelitian Pendidikan Jasmani. Malang: Media Cakrawala Press. Winarso, W. (2017). Dasar Pengembangan Kurikulum Sekolah, (January 2015).

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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang audit syariah dan perannya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan syariah di lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS). Penelitian ini juga menguraikan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh LKS dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan audit syariah. Sebanyak 308 publikasi diperoleh dari database Google scholar, Emerald Insight, Research Gate, Crossref, Microsoft Academic and Pubmed yang diakses dengan perangkat lunak Publish or Perish (PoP) dalam kurun waktu 2008-2021. Studi ini menerapkan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan VOSviewer, yang mengubah metadata publikasi menjadi visualisasi sesuai dengan co-occurrence. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa audit syariah telah diterapkan di beberapa negara yang didominasi oleh Malaysia. Sebagian besar praktik audit syariah merupakan bagian dari fungsi audit internal. Audit syariah diidentifikasi sebagai mekanisme untuk memastikan kepatuhan syariah. Tantangan utama dalam pelaksanaan audit syariah antara lain: kurangnya kerangka dan standar audit syariah yang menyebabkan perselisihan di antara praktisi LKS, kurangnya auditor syariah yang berkualitas yang memiliki pengetahuan syariah yang memadai dan terlatih dengan baik, audit syariah dianggap menciptakan masalah inefisiensi. Peran komite tata kelola syariah dan dewan pengawas syariah direkomendasikan agar lebih optimal untuk memastikan efektivitas audit syariah. Penelitian ini memberikan pembahasan komprehensif tentang audit syariah, perannya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan syariah, tantangan dan solusi yang ditawarkan belajar dari berbagai negara. Kata Kunci: Audit syariah, kepatuhan syariah, lembaga keuangan syariah, bibliometrik. ABSTRACT This study aimed to map out previous studies on sharia auditing and its role in improving sharia compliance in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). It also outlined the challenges faced by IFIs and solutions in implementing shariah audit. A total of 308 publications were obtained from the Google scholar database, Emerald Insight, Research Gate, Crossref, Microsoft Academic and Pubmed which were accessed using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software in the 2008-2021 period. This study finds that sharia audits have been implemented in several countries, dominated by Malaysia. Most shariah audit practices are part from internal audit function of IFIs. Sharia audit is identified as a mechanism to assure shariah compliance. The main challenges in implementing sharia audit include: a lack of framework and standard of shariah audit that led to dispute among IFIs practitioners, a lack of qualified shariah auditors who have an adequate shariah knowledge and well trained , shariah audit identifed creating an efficiency issue. The role of the shariah governance committee and the shariah supervisory board may be optimized to ensure the effectiveness of shariah audit. This study provides a comprehensive discussion of shariah audit, its role in improving shariah compliance, challenges, and solutions offered learned from various countries. Keywords: Sharia audit, sharia compliance, Islamic financial institution, bibliometric. REFERENCES Abd Rahman, N., & Mastuki, N. (2019). Internal Shariah audit change: A conceptual paper. Journal of Muwafaqat, 2(April), 45–59. Abdul Rahman, A. R. (2010). Shari’ah audit for Islamic financial services: The needs and challenges. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 7(1), 133–145. Akbar, T., Mardian, S., & Anwar, S. (2015). Mengurai permasalahan audit syariah dengan analytical network process (ANP). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 2(2), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v3i2.32 Alahmadi, H. A., Hassan, A. F. S., Karbhari, Y., & Nahar, H. S. (2017). Unravelling shariah audit practice in Saudi Islamic Banks. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(15), 255–269. Alam, T., Aziz, H. A. A., & Iqbal, M. (2020). The current practice of IFI Shariah audit and what it ought to be evidence from Pakistan. Sci.Int, 32(4), 497–500. Alam, T., & Hassan, T. (2017). Competency of Shariah Auditors: Issues and Challenges in Pakistan. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 22(2), 1-11. Algabry, L., Alhabshi, S. M., Soualhi, Y., & Othman, A. H. A. (2020). Assessing the effectiveness of internal Sharīʿah audit structure and its practices in Islamic financial institutions: A case study of Islamic banks in Yemen. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(1), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-04-2019-0025 Ali, A., Ahmi, A., & Wan Ahmad, W. N. (2018). The current state of the internal audit research: A bibliometric analysis. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting Studies (ICAS 2018), October, 108–113. Ali, N. A. M., Mohamed, Z. M., & Shahimi, S. (2015). Competency of shariah auditors in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. Journal of Islamic Finance, 4(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.12816/0024798 Alzeban, A. (2020). Internal audit as an antecedent of economic growth. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(7), 1267-1283. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-08-2019-0350 Amir Husin, M. N., Zakaria, M. Z., Salleh, A. Z., Mochammad Sahid, M., Abdullah Saidi, H. ’Azeemi, Ab Rahman, M. F., Ab. Aziz, M. R., & Ab. Jalil, M. A. (2019). Ratification of shariah non-compliance issues: Solutions and its implementation in Islamic financial institutions-With Specific reference to tawarruq-based products and services. Graduate International Conference, Pascasarjana IAIN Bukittinggi, Sumatra Barat, November, 1–13. Antonio, M. S. (2001). Bank syariah dari teori ke praktek. Jakarta: Gema Insani. Antonio, M. S., Laela, S. F., & Jazil, T. (2020). Abu Zahrah’S maqasid sharia model as a performance measurement system. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 11(3), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2020.11.3.30 Aprillianto, B., Roziq, A., Agustini, A. T., Sayekti, Y., & Jember, U. (2017). Praktik audit syariah dalam perspektif internasional. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ekonomi dan Bisnis (SNAPER_EBIS 2017), 169-178. Arwani, A. (2018). Issues and challenges of shariah auditing in Islamic financial institutions and corporate governance compliance. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi, 18(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v18i2.3008 Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al syariah as philosophy of Islamic law. The international institute of Islamic thought. Baehaqi, A., & Suyanto, S. (2019). Audit internal lembaga keuangan syariah dalam perpektif al-hisbah. Jurnal Riset Keuangan Dan Akuntansi, 4(2), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.25134/jrka.v4i2.1694 Behrend, J., & Eulerich, M. (2018). Exploring the scientific landscape of internal audit research: A bibliometric analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal, July, 1–65. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3178362 Behrend, J., & Eulerich, M. (2020). Four decades of audit committee research: A bibliometric analysis (1977 – 2018). SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3496040 BNM-SGDP. (2019). Bank Negara Malaysia (Shariah Governance 2019). Bank Negara Malaysia. Retrieved from BNM/RH/PD 028-100, 1–22. Ciger, A. (2020). Audit quality: A bibliometric analysis (1981-2020). Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 67(4), 473–494. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2020-0031 Eck, N. J. Van, Waltman, L., Dekker, R., & Berg, J. Van Den. (2010). A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(12), 2405–2416. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21421 Farida, F., & Dewi, V. S. (2018). Kompetensi auditor dan shariah compliance terhadap praktik audit syariah. Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi, 16(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.31603/bisnisekonomi.v16i1.2130 Fauzi, A., & Supandi, A. F. (2019). Perkembangan audit syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Istiqro, 5(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.30739/istiqro.v5i1.339 Fitriyani, N. I., & Kusnugroho, Y. A. (2021). Audit syariah dan audit konvensional: Bukti empiris di Indonesia. AFRE (Accounting and Financial Review), 4(1), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.v4i1.5642 Ghani, N. L. A., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2015). An analysis of Shari’ah audit practices in Islamic banks in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, 107–118. Ghozali, M., Zeid, A. H., Prastyaningsih, I., & Syauqoti, R. (2020). The implementation of sharia compliance in the murabaha contract. 409(SoRes 2019), 479–481. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.103 Haleem, A., Khan, M. I., Khan, S., & Jami, A. R. (2020). Research status in Halal: A review and bibliometric analysis. Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 2(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1108/mscra-06-2019-0014 Hameed, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2005). The emerging issues on the objectives and characteristics of Islamic accounting for Islamic business organizations. Malaysian Accounting Review, 4(1), 75–92. Hanefah, M. M., Kamaruddin, M. I. H., Salleh, S., Shafii, Z., & Zakaria, N. (2020). Internal control, risk and Sharīʿah non-compliant income in Islamic financial institutions. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 12(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2019-0025 Harande, Y. (2001). An investigation of the relationship using the literature of technology. Libri, 51, 124–127. Hassan, A. F. S., & Haridan, N. M. (2019). Shariah auditing and shariah compliance assurance in Malaysian Islamic Banks. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, December, 61–72. Hassan, R. (2016). Shariah non-compliance risk and its effects on Islamic financial institutions. Al-Shajarah, 21(Special issue), 21–39. 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Charts displayed on mobile devices was verified in comparison to standardized ETDRS charts. Such method of visual acuity assessment is characterized by stabile brightness and contrast. Moreover the ability to dynamically display random optotypes eliminates the problem of memorizing the contents of charts, making measurements more reliable. Our tests showed that the VA measured with mobile device and the VA tested using standardized printed charts are not significantly different. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB. Shneiderman, Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies (Boston, MIT Press 2002).A. Holzinger, M. Errath, "Mobile computer Web-application design in medicine: some research based guidelines", P. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 6, 31 (2007). CrossRef R. K. Lord et al., "Novel Uses of Smartphones in Ophthalmology", Ophthalmology 117, 1274 (2010). CrossRef M. D. Crossland, R. S. Silva and A. F. Macedo, "Smartphone, tablet computer and e-reader use by people with vision impairment", Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 34, 552 (2014). CrossRef E. Zvornicanin, J. Zvornicanin and B. Hadziefendic, "The Use of Smart phones in Ophthalmology", Acta Inform. Med. 22, 206 (2014). CrossRef S. Tofigh et al., "Effectiveness of a smartphone application for testing near visual acuity", Eye 29, 1464 (2015). CrossRef C. Perera et al., "The Eye Phone Study: reliability and accuracy of assessing Snellen visual acuity using smartphone technology", Eye 29, 888 (2015). CrossRef Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study: Manual of Operations. (Baltimore, U.S. Department of Commerce 1985).F. L. Ferris et al., "New Visual Acuity Charts for Clinical Research", Am. J. Ophthalmol. 94, 91 (1982). CrossRef W. F. Long, G. C. S. Woo, "Measuring Light Levels with Photographic Meters", Optometry Vision Sci. 57, 51 (1980). CrossRef F. L Ferris, R. D. Sperduto, "Standardized Illumination for Visual Acuity Testing in Clinical Research", Am. J. Ophthalmol. 94, 97 (1982). CrossRef Ch. Dancey, J. Reidy, Statistics Without Maths for Psychology (Harlow, Prentice Hall 2011).N. Balakrishnan, Methods and applications of statistics in the life and health sciences (New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons 2010).ISO 8596:2009 Ophthalmic optics - Visual acuity testing - Standard optotype and its presentation (2009).S. Koenig et al., "Assessing visual acuity across five disease types: ETDRS charts are faster with clinical outcome comparable to Landolt Cs", Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 252, 1093 (2014). CrossRef A. Glasser, M. W. C. Campbell, "Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age", Vision Research 38, 209 (1998). CrossRef P. K. Kaiser, "Prospective Evaluation of Visual Acuity Assessment: A Comparison of Snellen Versus ETDRS Charts in Clinical Practice (An AOS Thesis)", Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 107, 311 (2009). DirectLink L. Hyvärinen, R. Näsänen and P. Laurinen, "New Visual Acuity Test For Pre-School Children", Acta Ophthalmol. 58, 507 (1980). CrossRef M. Schuster, "Speech Recognition for Mobile Devices at Google", Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6230 (2010). CrossRef M. Werner, M. Kessel and C. Marouane, "Indoor positioning using smartphone camera", IPIN, International Conference on. IEEE (2011). CrossRef

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ABSTRAK Strategi penghimpunan zakat infaq dan sedekah masa kini harus selaras dengan perkembangan teknologi dan perilaku masyarakat 5.0 (society 5.0), dimana Society 5.0 menciptakan masyarakat yang berbasis teknologi sehingga pembayaran zakat, infaq, dan sedekah non tunai harus memanfaatkan teknologi finansial seperti, mobile banking, ATM, QRIS, dompet digital maupun e-commerce. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu guna mengetahui besarnya penerimaan dan penggunaan layanan teknologi finansial dalam membayar Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah (ZIS) menggunakan ekstensi Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan motivasi spiritual. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan sebanyak 129 responden yang berasal dari Kota Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, dan Pangandaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa muzakki dalam menerima dan menggunakan layanan teknologi keuangan untuk membayar ZIS secara non tunai dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan, persepsi kegunaan, sikap, dan intensi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar lembaga zakat dapat mengetahui penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi muzakki dalam menunaikan zakat non tunai sehingga dapat berinovasi dalam menyediakan layanan bagi muzakki maupun masyarakat yang akan membayar zakat non tunai. Kata Kunci: Zakat Non Tunai, Kesejahteraan Umum, Perilaku Mikroekonomi, Ekonomi Keuangan. ABSTRACT The strategy of collecting zakat infaq and alms today must be in line with technological developments and community behavior 5.0 (society 5.0), where Society 5.0 creates a technology-based society. ATM, QRIS, digital wallet, and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of acceptance and use of financial technology services in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Alms (ZIS) using the Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) extension with spiritual motivation. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with 129 respondents taken from Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, and Pangandaran. This study found that muzakki in accepting and using financial technology services to pay ZIS non-cash were influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and intentions. However, the perceived usefulness does not affect the attitude of muzakki in paying non-cash ZIS, and indirectly the perceived usefulness does not affect the actual use of muzakki to pay ZIS. 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Perceived ease of use effect on perceived usefulness and attitude towards use and its impact on behavioural intention to use. International Journal of Advance Research, 8(12), 439-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/12166 Republika. (2019). Digitalisasi zakat dan tantangannya apa saja. Retrieved from https://www.republika.co.id/berita/q0uw4q313/digitalisasi-zakat-dan-tantangannya-apa-saja Rohmah, I. L., Ibdalsyah, & Kosim, A. M. (2020). Pengaruh persepsi kemudahan berdonasi dan efektifitas penyaluran menggunakan fintech crowdfunding terhadap minat membayar zakat, infaq, dan shadaqoh. KASABA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 13(1), 42-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/kasaba.v13i1.3397 Sari, A. P., Anggraini, D., & Zaenardi, A. K. (2020). Menjadi OPZ penyintas di masa pandemi. Jakarta: BAZNAS. Setiawan, R. A., Setyohadi, D. B., & Pranowo. (2017). Understanding customers intention to use social network sites as complaint channel: An analysis of young customers perspectives. 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(2012). Technology acceptance model: A survey of literature. International Journal of Business and Social Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v2i4.161 Umer, S. A., & Shah, N. (2017). New determinants of ease of use and perceived usefulness for mobile banking adoption. International Journal Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 11(1), 44-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJECRM.2017.086751 Wiethoff, C. (2004). Motivation to learn and diversity training: Application of the theory of planned behavior. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(3), 263-278. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/hrdq.1103 Wiharjo, B., & Hendratmi, A. (2019). Persepsi penggunaan zakat online di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah dan Terapan, 6(2), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20192pp331-343

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-Brenda Plummer, Carol S. Holzberg, Minorities and power in a black society: the Jewish community of Jamaica. Maryland: The North-South Publishing Company, Inc., 1987. xxx + 259 pp.-Scott Guggenheim, Nina S. de Friedemann ,De sol a sol: genesis, transformacion, y presencia de los negros en Colombia. Bogota: Planeta Columbiana Editorial, 1986. 47 1pp., Jaime Arocha (eds)-Brian L. Moore, Mary Noel Menezes, Scenes from the history of the Portuguese in Guyana. London: Sister M.N. Menezes, RSM, 1986. vii + 175 PP.-Charles Rutheiser, Brian L. Moore, Race, power, and social segmentation in colonial society: Guyana after slavery 1838-1891. New York; Gordon and Breach, 1987. 310 pp.-Thomas Fiehrer, Virginia R. Dominguez, White by definition: social classification in Creole Louisiana. Rutgers, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1986. xviii + 325 pp.-Kenneth Lunn, Brian D. Jacobs, Black politics and urban crisis in Britain. Cambridge, London, New Rochelle, Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1986. vii + 227 pp.-Brian D. Jacobs, Kenneth Lunn, Race and labour in twentieth-cenruty Britain, London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., 1985. 186 pp.-Kenneth M. Bilby, Dick Hebdige, Cut 'n' mix: culture, identity and Caribbean Music. New York: Metheun and Co. Ltd, 1987. 177 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Robert Dirks, The black saturnalia: conflict and its ritual expression on British West Indian slave plantations. Gainesville, Fl.: University of Florida Press, Monographs in Social Sciences No. 72. xvii + 228.-Marilyn Silverman, James Howe, The Kuna gathering: contemporary village politics in Panama. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1986. xvi + 326 pp.-Paget Henry, Evelyne Huber Stephens ,Democratic socialism in Jamaica: the political movement and social transformation in dependent capitalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xx + 423 pp., John D. Stephens (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Scott B. Macdonald, Trinidad and Tobago: democracy and development in the Caribbean. New York, Connecticut, London: Praeger Publishers, 1986. ix + 213 pp.-Brian L. Moore, Kempe Ronald Hope, Guyana: politics and development in an emergent socialist state. Oakville, New York, London: Mosaic Press, 1985, 136 pp.-Roland I. Perusse, Richard J. Bloomfield, Puerto Rico: the search for a national policy. Boulder and London: Westview Press, Westview Special Studies on Latin America and the Caribbean, 1985. x + 192 pp.-Charles Gilman, Manfred Gorlach ,Focus on the Caribbean. 1986. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins., John A. Holm (eds)-Viranjini Munasinghe, EPICA, The Caribbean: survival, struggle and sovereignty. Washington, EPICA (Ecumenical Program for Interamerican Communication and Action), 1985.-B.W. Higman, Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and power: the place of sugar in modern history. New York: Elisabeth Sifton Books, Viking Penguin Inc., 1985. xxx + 274 pp.

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The Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised, based on the study of 7,654 specimens. The 29 previously named species are redescribed, and 56 new species are described. The species are placed in 24 species groups. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative female terminal abdominal segments and representative spermathecae are illustrated. Australian Hydraena are typically found in sandy/gravelly stream margins, often in association with streamside litter; some species are primarily pond dwelling, a few species are humicolous, and one species may be subterranean. The areas of endemicity and species richness coincide quite closely with the Bassian, Torresian, and Timorian biogeographic subregions. Eleven species are shared between the Bassian and Torresian subregions, and twelve are shared between the Torresian and Timorian subregions. Only one species, H. impercepta Zwick, is known to be found in both Australia and Papua New Guinea. One Australian species, H. ambiflagellata, is also known from New Zealand. New species of Hydraena are: H. affirmata (Queensland, Palmerston National Park, Learmouth Creek), H. ambiosina (Queensland, 7 km NE of Tolga), H. antaria (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. appetita (New South Wales, 14 km W Delagate), H. arcta (Western Australia, Synnot Creek), H. ascensa (Queensland, Rocky Creek, Kennedy Hwy.), H. athertonica (Queensland, Davies Creek), H. australula (Western Australia, Synnot Creek), H. bidefensa (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. biimpressa (Queensland, 19.5 km ESE Mareeba), H. capacis (New South Wales, Unumgar State Forest, near Grevillia), H. capetribensis (Queensland, Cape Tribulation area), H. converga (Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory National Park), H. cubista (Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. cultrata (New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve), H. cunninghamensis (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), H. darwini (Northern Territory, Darwin), H. deliquesca (Queensland, 5 km E Wallaman Falls), H. disparamera (Queensland, Cape Hillsborough), H. dorrigoensis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), H. ferethula (Northern Territory, Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile), H. finniganensis (Queensland, Gap Creek, 5 km ESE Mt. Finnigan), H. forticollis (Western Australia, 4 km W of King Cascade), H. fundaequalis (Victoria, Simpson Creek, 12 km SW Orbost), H. fundata (Queensland, Hann Tableland, 13 km WNW Mareeba), H. hypipamee (Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda), H. inancala (Queensland, Girraween National Park, Bald Rock Creek at "Under-ground Creek"), H. innuda (Western Australia, Mitchell Plateau, 16 mi. N Amax Camp), H. intraangulata (Queensland, Leo Creek Mine, McIlwrath Range, E of Coen), H. invicta (New South Wales, Sydney), H. kakadu (Northern Territory, Kakadu National Park, Gubara), H. larsoni (Queensland, Windsor Tablelands), H. latisoror (Queensland, Lamington National Park, stream at head of Moran's Falls), H. luminicollis (Queensland, Lamington National Park, stream at head of Moran's Falls), H. metzeni (Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba), H. millerorum (Victoria, Traralgon Creek, 0.2 km N 'Hogg Bridge', 5.0 km NNW Balook), H. miniretia (Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda), H. mitchellensis (Western Australia, 4 km SbyW Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. monteithi (Queensland, Thornton Peak, 11 km NE Daintree), H. parciplumea (Northern Territory, McArthur River, 80 km SW of Borroloola), H. porchi (Victoria, Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon), H. pugillista (Queensland, 7 km N Mt. Spurgeon), H. queenslandica (Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish), H. reticuloides (Queensland, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer), H. reticulositis (Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau), H. revelovela (Northern Territory, Kakadu National Park, GungurulLookout), H. spinissima (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), H. storeyi (Queensland, Cow Bay, N of Daintree River), H. tenuisella (Queensland, 3 km W of Batavia Downs), H. tenuisoror (Australian Capital Territory, Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus), H. textila (Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish), H. tridisca (Queensland, Mt. Hemmant), H. triloba (Queensland, Mulgrave River, Goldsborough Road Crossing), H. wattsi (Northern Territory, Holmes Jungle, 11 km NE by E of Darwin), H. weiri (Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission), H. zwicki (Queensland, Clacherty Road, via Julatten).

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ABSTRAKTujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah menguji pengaruh kepercayaan dan citra website yang diintegrasikan dengan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan dan persepsi kebermanfaatan pada niatan seorang mahasiswa dalam membayar wakaf secara online, yang menjadikan penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah penggunaan citra website sebagai determinan niatan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan layanan wakaf online ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode SEM-PLS serta melibatkan responden sebesar 100 responden dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan kriteria seorang muslim usia 18-35 dan seorang mahasiswa. Software analisis untuk mengolah data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Smartpls 3.3, untuk data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner online menggunakan skala likert 1 sampai 5, dengan keterangan sangat setuju hingga tidak setuju. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan, citra website, kebermanfaatan aplikasi, dan kemudahan penggunaan berhubungan signifikan terhadap niat penggunaan wakaf online. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan tambahan pengetahuan terutama dalam ilmu pemasaran Islam terkait penggunaan behavioral intention dalam penggunaan layanan wakaf online, serta diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan bagi manajemen lembaga donasi terutama nazir untuk lebih memperhatikan kemudahan penggunaan konsumen, manfaat yang dirasakan, kepercayaan lembaga, citra perusahaan serta niat dalam menggunakan layanan wakaf secara online.Kata kunci: Wakaf online, technology acceptance model, trust, image. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of trust and website image, which is integrated with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, on a student's intention to pay waqf online. What makes this research different from previous research is using website images to determine student intention in using this online waqf service. This study uses a quantitative approach with the SEM-PLS method and involves 100 respondents using purposive sampling with the criteria of a Muslim aged 18-35 and a student. The analysis software to process data in this study used Smartpls 3.3 for data obtained using an online questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with statements strongly agreeing to disagree. This study indicates that trust, website image, application usefulness, and ease of use are significantly related to the intention to use online waqf. The implications of the results of this study are expected to provide additional knowledge, especially in Islamic marketing related to the use of behavioral intention in the use of online waqf services. It is hoped that this research can provide input for the management of donation institutions, especially Nazir, to pay more attention to consumers' ease of use, perceived benefits, and institutional trust., corporate image and intention to use online waqf services.Keywords: online waqf, technology acceptance model, trust, image. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAbdul Shukor, S., Johari, F., Abd Wahab, K., Kefeli Zulkefli, Z., Ahmad, N., Haji Alias, M., Abdul Rahman, A., Mohd Orip, N. M., Ibrahim, P., & Abu-Hussin, M. F. (2019). Trust on awqaf institutions: evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(2), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2017-0054Ahn, J. chang, Sura, S., & An, J. C. (2018). Intention to donate via social network sites (SNSs): A comparison study between Malaysian and South Korean users. Information Technology and People, 31(4), 910–926. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-12-2015-0307Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Herianingrum, S. (2020). Contemporary issues on cash waqf: A thematic literature review. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(3), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.3236Alrubaiee, L. S., Aladwan, S., Abu Joma, M. H., Idris, W. M., & Khater, S. (2017). Relationship between corporate social responsibility and marketing performance: The mediating effect of customer value and corporate image. International Business Research, 10(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p104Bailey, A. A., Pentina, I., Mishra, A. S., & Ben Mimoun, M. S. (2017). Mobile payments adoption by US consumers: An extended TAM. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 45(6), 626–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2016-0144Berakon, I., Aji, H. M., & Hafizi, M. R. (2021). Impact of digital sharia banking systems on cash-waqf among Indonesian Muslim youth. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2020-0337Blagoeva, K. T., & Mijoska, M. (2017). Applying TAM to study online shopping adoption among youth in the republic of Macedonia. Genetika, 46(3), 27–32.Eneizan, B., Alsaad, A., Alkhawaldeh, A., Rawash, H. N., & Enaizan, O. (2020). E-WOM, trust, usefulness, ease of use, and online shopping via websites: The moderating role of online shopping experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 98(13), 2554–2565.Faisal, M., Yusof, M., Alam, S., Faiz, M., Yusof, M., Alam, S., Hasarudin, M. H., Alam, S., Romli, N., Lumpur, K., Terms, G., & Statement, P. (2014). Cash waqf and infaq: A proposed e-philanthropy in Malaysia. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 12(1), 1–10.Hair Jr., J. F., Gabriel, M. L. D. da S., & Patel, V. K. (2014). Modelagem de equações estruturais baseada em covariância (CB-SEM) com o AMOS: Orientações sobre a sua aplicação como uma Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Marketing. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(2), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2718Indahsari, K., Burhan, M. U., Ashar, K., & Multifiah. (2014). Determinants of individual Muslim behaviour in accomplishing zakah, infaq, shadaqah and waqf through amil institution. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 7(4), 346–365. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2014.066627Iskandar, M., Hartoyo, H., & Hermadi, I. (2020). Analysis of factors affecting behavioral intention and use of behavioral of mobile banking using unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 model approach. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(2), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9292Joseph, S. (2014). Waqf in historical perspective: Online fatāwā and contemporary discourses by muslim scholars. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 34(4), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2014.965974Kasri, R. A., & Chaerunnisa, S. R. (2021). The role of knowledge, trust, and religiosity in explaining the online cash waqf amongst Muslim millennials. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2020-0101Klopping, I. M., & Mckinney, E. (2004). Extending the technology acceptance model and the task-technology fit model to consumer e-commerce. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 22(1), 35–48.Lubis, H. (2020). Potensi dan strategi pengembangan wakaf uang di indonesia. IBF: Islamic Business and Finance, 1(1), 43–59.Masrikhan, M. (2019). Optimalisasi potensi wakaf di era digital melalui platform online wakafin.com dengan konsep crowdfunding sebagai penggerak ekonomi masyarakat. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 1, 1–12.Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A. Bin. (2018). Factors influencing the adoption of the crowdfunding-waqf model (CWM) in the waqf land development. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(3), 578–597. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2016-0043Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Mohd Thas Thaker, H., A.Pitchay, A., & Khaliq, A. (2019). A proposed integrated zakat-crowdfunding model (IZCM) for effective collection and distribution of zakat fund in Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy, 1(2), 1–12.Niswah, F. M., Mutmainah, L., & Legowati, D. A. (2019). Muslim millennial’s intention of donating for charity using fintech platform. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(3), 623–644. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i3.1080Nour Aldeen, K., Ratih, I. S., & Sari Pertiwi, R. (2021). Cash waqf from the millennials’ perspective: a case of Indonesia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijif-10-2020-0223Phatthana, W., & Mat, N. K. N. (2011). The application of technology acceptance model (TAM) on health tourism e-purchase intention predictors in Thailand. 2010 International Conference on Business and Economics Research, 1, 196–199. http://www.ipedr.com/vol1/43-B10046.pdfRaza, S. A., Shah, N., & Ali, M. (2019). Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: Evidence from modified UTAUT model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2017-0038Rybaczewska, M., Sparks, L., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2020). Consumers’ purchase decisions and employer image. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55(October 2019), 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102123Sabri, F. A. (2014). Wakaf uang (Sebuah alternatif dalam upaya menyejahterakan masyarakat). AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 8(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v8i1.339Shaikh, I. M., Qureshi, M. A., Noordin, K., Shaikh, J. M., Khan, A., & Shahbaz, M. S. (2020). Acceptance of Islamic financial technology (FinTech) banking services by Malaysian users: An extension of technology acceptance model. Foresight, 22(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-12-2019-0105Singh, S., Sahni, M. M., & Kovid, R. K. (2020). What drives fintech adoption? A multi-method evaluation using an adapted technology acceptance model. Management Decision, 58(8), 1675–1697. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2019-1318Sohn, S. (2017). A contextual perspective on consumers’ perceived usefulness: The case of mobile online shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38(May), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.05.002Usman, H., Mulia, D., Chairy, C., & Widowati, N. (2020). Integrating trust, religiosity and image into technology acceptance model: the case of the Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2020-0020Victoria, O. A., Pujirahayu, E. W., Khisni, A., & Ong, R. (2019). Law development of waqf al-nuqud (Cash waqf) towards electronic waqf (E-waqf) based on public welfare. LDJ: Law Development Journal, 1(1), 13–17.Wadi, D. A., & Nurzaman, M. S. (2020). Millennials behaviour towards digital waqf innovation. 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ABSTRAK Sektor kosmetik halal saat ini dianggap sebagai sektor dengan potensi tertinggi secara global. Berkembangnya tren penggunaan kosmetik halal dipengaruhi oleh tren hijrah dan gaya hidup umat Muslim yang sadar dengan urgensi penggunaan produk halal. Ketersediaan produk kosmetik halal yang beragam di pasaran mendorong konsumen lebih diskriminatif dalam pemilihan merek kosmetiknya. Perusahaan perlu merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar produknya dapat bertahan dan bersaing dengan kompetitor, salah satunya melalui rekomendasi atas suatu produk tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi konsumen untuk merekomendasikan produk kosmetik halal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan alat analisis SmartPLS 3. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan 180 sampel masyarakat di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa customer satisfaction, product quality, dan customer experience berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal, sedangkan trust tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal. Kata kunci: Kosmetik halal, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. ABSTRACT The halal cosmetics sector is currently considered the sector with the highest potential in the world. The growing trend of using halal cosmetics is influenced by the migration trend and lifestyle of Muslims who are aware of the importance of using halal products. The presence of various halal cosmetic products on the market encourages consumers to be more selective in their choice of cosmetic brands. Companies need to formulate the right marketing strategy in order for their products to survive and compete with competitors, one of which is product-specific recommendations. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumers' intentions to recommend halal beauty products. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS 3 analysis tool. Primary data was obtained from a survey of 180 samples of people in the city of South Tangerang. The results of the study show that customer satisfaction, product quality, and customer experience have a positive and significant impact on the intention to recommend halal beauty products, while trust does not have a significant effect on the intention to recommend halal beauty products. Keywords: Halal cosmetics, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abu Bakar, E., Rosslee, N. N., Mastura, A., Ariff, M., Othman, M., & Hashim, P. (2017). 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ABSTRAK Strategi penghimpunan shadaqah di era modern harus menyesuaikan dengan kemajuan teknologi dan preferensi generasi milenial. Kitabisa.com merupakan platform donasi berbasis online yang terus mengalami pertumbuhan pengumpulan donasi dan banyak digunakan masyarakat muslim milenial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan penggunaan platform kitabisa.com melalui pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive sampling. Proses pengkolektifan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh 270 responden, dimana responden merupakan masyarakat muslim milenial yang pernah menggunakan platform kitabisa.com. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) melalui aplikasi SmartPLS versi 3.0. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa variabel yang diadopsi dari TPB yaitu Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), variabel sikap dan norma subjektif berpengaruh secara positif serta signifikan terhadap minat penggunaan platform kitabisa.com. Variabel yang diadopsi dari TAM yaitu Perceived ease of use memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan Perceived usefulness tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat penggunaan platform kitabisa.com. Kemudian, minat menggunakan platform kitabisa.com memiliki pengaruh positif serta signifikan terhadap keputusan penggunaan platform kitabisa.com. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar lembaga penghimpun sedekah online memiliki evaluasi atau penilaian untuk memperbaiki dan mengembangkan platform sedekah berbasis online bagi masyarakat muslim milenial maupun masyarakat secara umum yang akan melakukan sedekah secara online. Kata Kunci: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Minat Penggunaan, Keputusan Penggunaan. ABSTRACT The strategy of collecting shadaqah (almsgiving) must be aligned with technological developments and millennial societies. Kitabisa.com is an online shadaqah platform that continues to grow in collecting shadaqahs and is widely used by the millennial Muslim society. The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that influence the use behavior of kitabisa.com with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approaches. The sampling technique in this study was taken using purposive sampling. The data collection process was carried out through filling out questionnaires by 270 respondents, of which the respondents were millennial who had used the Kitabisa.com platform. The analytical technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS version 3.0 application. The results of the analysis show that the variables adopted from TPB, namely Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), attitudes towards use and subjective norms have a positive and significant influence on intention to use the kitabisa.com platform. While the variables adopted from TAM, Perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect, while Perceived usefulness has no influence on intention to use the kitabisa.com platform. Then, intention to use the kitabisa.com platform has a positive and significant impact on the use behavior the kitabisa.com platform. The implication of this research is that online shadaqah collecting institutions have an evaluation or assessment to improve and develop an online-based shadaqah platform for millennial Muslim communities and the general public who will do shadaqah online. Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Intention to Use, Behavior of use. REFERENCES Abdullah, P. M. (2015). 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ABSTRAK Halal fashion saat ini menjadi salah satu sektor yang diminati konsumen di Indonesia. Mayoritas penduduk Indonesia yang merupakan muslim menjadikan pangsa pasar industri fashion Muslim sangat besar. Permintaan produk fashion muslim semakin tinggi karena kesadaran perempuan Muslim dalam menutup aurat juga sudah tinggi. Apalagi, konsumen saat ini suka melihat fashion influencer di sosial media seperti Instagram. Serta penggunakan content marketing yang menarik juga mempengaruhi konsumen untuk membeli sebuah produk. Penjualan produk fashion muslim semakin mudah diakses konsumen dengan andanya media digital untuk melihat dan bertransaksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pendukung selebriti dan pemasaran konten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Dengan teknik data yaitu kuisioner yang disebarkan secara online kepada 100 responden perempuan muslim yang pernah mengakses platform online brand fashion muslim Vanilla Hijab. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan celebrity endorser memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat beli, dan konten pemasaran juga memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat beli toko online fashion Vanilla Hijab. Kata-Kunci: Celebrity Endorser, Content Marketing, Purchase Intention, Fashion Muslim. ABSTRACT Halal fashion is currently one of the sectors that consumers in Indonesia are interested in. The majority of Indonesia's population who are Muslim makes the market share of the Muslim fashion industry very large. The demand for Muslim fashion products is getting higher because the awareness of Muslim women in covering their genitals is high. Moreover, consumers today like to see fashion influencers on social media like Instagram. And the use of attractive content marketing also influences consumers to buy a product. The sale of Muslim fashion products is increasingly accessible to consumers by relying on digital media to view and transact. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of celebrity supporters and content marketing. This research uses quantitative methods. With the data technique, namely a questionnaire distributed online to 100 Muslim female respondents who have accessed the online platform for the Muslim fashion brand Vanilla Hijab. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate celebrity endorsers have a significant positive effect on purchase intention, and marketing content also has a significant positive effect on purchase intention of Vanilla Hijab fashion online shop. Keywords: Celebrity Endorser, Content Marketing, Purchase Intention, Fashion Muslim. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abbas, A., Afshan, G., & Khan, S. B. (2018). The effect of celebrity endorsem*nt on customer purchase intention: A comparative study predictors and consequences of human resource outsourcing view project internal marketing view project. Current Economics and Management Research, 4(1), 1–10. Abdurrahim, A., & Sangen, M. (2019). Pengaruh content marketing, sales promotion, personal selling, dan advertising terhadap minat beli konsumen pada hotel biuti di Banjarmasin. Jurnal Sains Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(1), 42–47. http://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/jsmk Andreas, R. (2013). The big book of content marketing: Use Strategies and SEO Tactics to Build Return-Oriented KPIs for Your Brand's Content. Andreas.com. Audia, D. S., Jayawinangun, R., & Ferdinan, F. (2018). Pengaruh celebrity endorser terhadap minat pembelian produk Aidi.Id (Studi pada followers instagram Aidi.Id). Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.33751/jpsik.v3i1.1012 Badan Pusat Statistik. (2016). 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ABSTRAK Penghimpunan wakaf tunai di Indonesia belum terhimpun secara optimal meskipun memiliki potensi yang besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui masalah terbesar dan juga solusi yang menjadi prioritas penghimpunan wakaf tunai di Indonesia dengan menggunakan 5 aspek yaitu regulator, pengelola, promosi, program dan masyarakat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian ini melibatkan 9 responden ahli menilai dan membandingkan masalah dan solusi penghimpunan wakaf tunai di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum semua lembaga mendigitalisasi penghimpunan wakaf menjadi masalah terbesar dalam penghimpunan wakaf tunai di Indonesia berdasarakan pendapat para responden ahli. Selanjutnya prioritas solusi berdasarkan penilaian para responden ahli adalah mengembangkan profesionalitas nazir. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahwa secara umum aspek yang paling bermasalah adalah aspek regulator, begitu juga dengan prioritas solusi secara umum adalah aspek regulator. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan pertimbangan oleh pengelola wakaf untuk mengoptimalkan digitalisasi dalam penghimpunan wakaf serta meningkatkan profesionalitas nazir. Selain itu, penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi oleh pemangku kebijakan untuk merumuskan suatu kebijakan yang mendukung penghimpunan wakaf. Kata Kunci: Wakaf Tunai, Regulator, Pengelola, Promosi, Program, Masyarakat. ABSTRACT The collection of cash waqf in Indonesia has not been collected optimally even though it has enormous potential. This study aims to find out the biggest problems and solutions that become priorities in collecting cash waqf in Indonesia by using 5 aspects, namely regulators, managers, promotions, programs and society. The data analysis technique used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study involved 9 respondents who were asked to assess the problems and solutions for collecting cash waqf in Indonesia. The results of the study show that not all institutions have digitized waqf collection into the biggest problem in collecting cash waqf in Indonesia based on the opinion of expert respondents. Furthermore, the priority based on the assessment of the expert respondents is to improve the professionalism of Nazir. The next result is the regulatory aspect that is the most problematic, as well as the priority solutions on the regulatory aspect. The implication of this research is that the results of the research can be taken into consideration by waqf managers to optimize digitalization in collecting waqf and increasing the professionalism of nazir. In addition, this research can be used as a reference by policy makers to formulate a policy that supports the collection of waqf. 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<p><em>The Covid-19 pandemic is pushing a multidimensional crisis, especially in the economic field. </em><em>T</em><em>he most affected </em><em>sector </em><em>in this regard are service workers. </em><em>With the type of w</em><em>ork that was supposed to interact directly is now constrained by </em><em>government </em><em>policies; stay at home, lockdown and more. This article aims to examine the phenomenon of Termination of Employment in the ASEAN Region and analyze its adaptive solutio</em><em>n through </em><em>transformation. This article utilizes various software such as Publish or Perish </em><em>for searching the amount of previous literature </em><em>and </em><em>VOSViewer for bibliometric analysis. </em><em>Within the conceptual framework of New Regionalism, this article finds an opportunity </em><em>in shifting</em><em> profession of layoff victims in the service sector </em><em>in</em><em>to </em><em>an</em><em> online business</em><em>er</em><em> (e-commerce) as a </em><em>survival</em><em> and superior </em><em>way for</em><em>ASEAN</em><em>’s</em><em> </em><em>economic </em><em>during pandemic. </em><em>T</em><em>his article </em><em>expected</em><em> </em><em>to give </em><em>benefits both in terms of literature</em><em> academics</em><em> and practicality for the </em><em>micro </em><em>community </em><em>in order to </em><em> </em><em>drive</em><em> ASEAN development </em><em>from</em><em> the buttom-up scheme. </em></p>

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Air Product, 2014, Cellulosic Biofuels (Pembakaran/Gasifikasi Lignin Hidrolisis). Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. http://www.airpro-ducts.co.id/industries/Energy/Bioenergy/Cellulosic-Biofuels/product-list/ com-bustiongasification-of-hydrolyis-lignin-cellulosic-biofuels.aspx?itemId =8F39-9214FA4A462FA14588FE4F 86D3C2, Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2014Alejandro R., L. Serranoa, A. Morala, A. Pereza dan L. Jimeneza, 2007, Bioresource Tehnology, 98 (3): 554-559.Andaka Ganjar, 2011, Hidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Furfural Dengan Katalisator Asam Sulfat, Jurnal Teknologi, Volume 4 Nomor 2, Desember 2011, 180-188Anindyawati, Trisanti, 2009, Prospek Enzim dan Limbah Lignoselulosa Untuk Produksi Bioetanol, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi-LIPI, CibinongAnnisa, Gina, 2012, Hidrodeoksigenasi Bio-Oil menggunakan katalis CoMo/C untuk Optimalisasi Produksi Alkana dan Alkohol, Skripsi Universitas Indonesia, Depok.Artati, K., Enny, E., Novia Margareta, H. Widhie Vissia, 2010, Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi Sebagai Suhu Hidrolisa Selulosa Dari Ampas tebu dengan Katalisator Asam Sulfat. Ekuilibrum Volume 9 Nomor 1 Januari 2010 Hal. 1-4. ISSN 1412-9124Darnako, 1992, Potensi Pemanfataan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit Melalui Bioonversi, Berita Penelitian Perkebunan, 2 (2) : 85 – 87.Dea, I. A., 2009, Kajian Awal Biokonversi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Menjadi Etanol Melalui Sakarifikasi dan fermentasi Alkoholik, Institut Teknologi Bandung, BandungDinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2013, Komoditi Kelapa Sawit, SamarindaFadiarwaty Diyah dan Susanto Herri, 2005, Penghematan Konsumsi Katalis Dalam Proses Hidrolisis Tandan kosong kelapa sawit Untuk Produksi Furfural, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Volume 4 Nomor 3 Desember 2005 hal. 279 – 286Hambali, E., S. Mujdalipah, A. H. Tambunan, A. W. Pattiwiri dan Roy H. 2007, Teknologi Bioenergi, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.Hidajati, Nurul, 2006, Pengolahan Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Furfural, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar Volume 8 No. 1, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. SurabayaIriani, P. I., 2009, Kajian Awal Biokonversi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Menjadi Etanol Melalui Skarifikasi dan Fermentasi Alkoholik, Diakses dari http://www.sith.itob.ac.id pada tanggal 16 April 2012.Juwita Rinna, Syarif Rizki Lailan, Tuhuloala Abubakar, 2012, Pengaruh dan Konsentrasi Asam Terhadap Sintesis furfural Dari Sekam Padi. Konversi, Volume 1 Nomor 1, Oktober 2012. Hal. 34 -38.Ketaren, S., 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan., Universitas Indonesia Press, JakartaKirk, R. E., dan Othmer, D., 1995, Furan Derivatives : Supplement Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons. New YorkLewis, J. Richard., 2001, Condensed Chemical Dictionary Fourteenth Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.Nist Standard Reference Data, 2011, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- Material Measturement Laboratory. The U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. AmericaOthmer dan Kirk, 1969, Furfural and other furan compounds,”encyclopedia of chemical Technology2nd. Ed., Vol.10Padil, Yelmida A., dan Masfika Candra, 2011, Optimasi Hidrolisis Tandan kosong kelapa sawit Dengan Ekstrak Abu Tks Menggunakan Rancangan Percobaan Response Surface Methode. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 10 (1), Maret 2011: 42-46.Peby, Agrian 2010, Biomass to liquid: Proses Konversi tandan kosong sawit kelapa sawit menjadi biooil dengan metode pirolisis, Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia, DepokPurwito dan Firmanti, 2005, Pemanfaatan Limbah Sawit dan Asbuton Untuk Bahan Pencegah Seranggan Rayap Tanah: Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, BandungRohana Aulina Nova, Mardiah Elida dan Afrizal, 2013, Produksi Selulase Dari Aspergillus Niger Dan Kemampuannya Menghidrolisis Ampas Tebu, Jurnal Kimia Unand (ISSN No. 2303-3401), Volume 2 Nomor 2, Mei 2013Roliadi, H dan Fatriasari, W., 2011, Kemungkinan Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Papan Serat Berkerapatan Sedang, Universitas Sriwijaya, PalembangSampepana, Eldha, Yustini Eka Paluphy, Renaldi Adhytia, Amiroh, 2013, Optimalisasi Proses Hidrolisis Furfural dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda, SamarindaSugiarta, Karmila Dian, 2009, Prarancangan Pabrik Furfural Dari Sekam Padi Dengan Proses Quaker Oats Kapasitas 1.550 Ton Per Tahun, Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, SurakartaSuharto, 2006, Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Sawit untuk Produksi Commercial Grade Furfural, Laporan Akhir Kumulatif – Program Penelitian dan Pengembangan IPTEK, LIPISunarko, 2007, Petunjuk Praktis Budi Daya dan Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.Sun, Y. dan Cheng, J., 2002, Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review, Bioresource Technology, 83(1), 1-11Suryadi, H., T., Katsuragi, N., Yoshida, S. Suzuki, dan Y. Tani., 2000, Polyol production by culture of methanol utilizing yeast. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 89 (3): -Taherzadeh, M. J., dan Karimi, K., 2007, Enzyme-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review, BioResources, 2(4), 707-738Wahyuni, Susilowati Ari, Setyaningsih Ratna, 2004, Optimasi Produksi Xilitol Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Hidrolisat Hemiselulosa Bagase Oleh Candida Tropicalis. Biofarmasi 2 (1): 29-34, Pebruari 2004, ISSN: 1693-2242Wijanarko Anondho, Witono Anton Johanes, Wiguna Satria Made, 2006, Tinjauan Komprehensif Perancangan Awal Pabrik Furfural Berbasis Ampas Tebu Di Indonesia, Journal Of The Indonesian Oil And Gas Community. Published By “Komunitas Migas Indonesia”, ISSN: 1829-9466Wijaya Mohammad, Noor Erliza, Irawadi Tedja Tun Dan Pari Gustan, 2008, Perubahan Suhu Pirolisis Terhadap Struktur Kimia Asap Cair Dari Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Pinus, Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan 1(2): 73-77 (2008)Wilson, W.C., 1941,"Furan", Org. Synth, Coll. Vol. 1: 274

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International visitor surveys (IVS) are traditionally designed to provide destinations with marketing data and intelligence. The New Zealand Tourism Research Institute has been developing new approaches to IVS implementation and data collection in the Pacific Islands that can provide a much richer source of information [1]. The research outlined here is the first to utilise an IVS to explore the positioning of cuisine in the culinary identity of a destination – specifically, the cuisine of the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands is known primarily for its sun, sea and sand features, rather than its culinary attributes. Drawing on data mining of the Cook Islands IVS (2012–2016) and a web audit of destination websites and menus, this paper considers the positioning of food and food-related activities within the Pacific nation’s tourism experience. National tourism organisations are increasingly seeking competitive advantage by utilising their local cuisines as tourist attractions. Research suggests that distinctive local cuisines can act as both a tourism attraction, and as a means of shaping the identity of a destination [2, 3]. In addition to providing an important source of marketable images, local cuisine can also provide a unique experience for tourists. This reinforces the competitiveness and sustainability of the destination [2]. The cuisine of the Cook Islands has come up repeatedly in recommendations for how the country can grow its tourism revenue. Recommendations have been made to improve the food product on offer, develop a distinctive Cook Islands cuisine based on fresh, local produce, and to promote a Cook Islands cuisine experience [4, 5], and to use these to market the Cook Islands as a destination for local food tourism experiences [4]. Despite these recommendations, Cook Island cuisine features less prominently than stereotypical sun, sea, and sand marketing images, and little is known about tourists’ perceptions of and satisfaction with food and food-related activities [6]. Our research addresses this gap by mining IVS data to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences and perceptions of food in the Cook Islands and assessing whether local food can be positioned as means of creating a unique destination identity. Two methods were used to develop a picture of where food sits in the Cook Islands tourist experience: one focussed on tourist feedback; and the other focused on how food is portrayed in relevant online media. Analysis of all food-related data collected as part of the national IVS between 1 April 2012 and 30 June 2016 was conducted (N = 10,950). A web audit also focused on how food is positioned as part of the Cook Islands tourism product. After identifying the quantitative food-related questions in the IVS, satisfaction with these activities was analysed. Qualitative comments related to food experiences were also examined. The results suggest that participation in food-related activities is generally a positive feature of the visitor experience. The web-audit revealed, however, that food is not a salient feature in the majority of Cook Islands-related websites, and when food did feature, it tended to be oriented towards international cuisine with a ‘touch of the Pacific’ rather than specifically Cook Islands cuisine. This reinforced findings from the IVS data mining that Cook Islands food is presented as a generic tropical ‘seafood and fruit’ cuisine that, largely, lacks the defining and differentiating features of authentic Cook Island cuisine. High participation rates in food-related activities and overall positive evaluations by visitors emerged from the IVS data, yet a dearth of images and information on the country’s food suggests that the Cook Islands is not exploiting its cuisine and food experiences to their full potential. As a direct result of this secondary analysis of IVS data, which highlighted the importance of and potential for food-related activities, the Cook Islands Government is now actively addressing this gap by developing a range of food-related resources and information that can better link tourism to local cuisine. In addition to developing a greater presence of local food in online resources, the Cook Islands Tourism Corporation has also taken on board the messages from the IVS to drive the development of Takurua [7] – an initiative to develop and document local, traditional cuisine and share it with the world. This approach is part of a broader ongoing effort to differentiate the Cook Islands from other South Pacific destinations through its unique cultural attributes. Data mining and secondary analysis of IVS data has not been restricted to the identification of food-related opportunities. Secondary analysis of IVS data in the Pacific has also been used to investigate the impact of other niche markets such as events [8] and to gauge the impact of environmental incidents, for example Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu [9] and algal bloom in the Cook Islands [10], thus reinforcing that IVS data are a rich source of information and are indeed more than just numbers. Corresponding author Tracy Berno can be contacted at tracy.berno@aut.ac.nz References (1) New Zealand Tourism Research Institute (NZTRI). Cook Islands Resources and Outputs; NZTRI: Auckland. http://www.nztri.org.nz/cook-islands-resources (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (2) Lin, Y.; Pearson, T.; Cai, L. Food as a Form of Destination Identity: A Tourism Destination Brand Perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research 2011, 11, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.22 (3) Okumus, F.; Kock, G.; Scantlebury, M. M.; Okumus, B. Using Local Cuisines when Promoting Small Caribbean Island Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2013, 30 (4), 410–429. (4) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Linking Farmers to Markets: Realizing Opportunities for Locally Produced Food on Domestic and Tourist Markets in Cook Islands. FAO Sub-regional Office of the Pacific Islands: Apia, Samoa, 2014. (5) United Nations. “Navigating Stormy Seas through Changing winds”: Developing an Economy whilst Preserving a National Identity and the Modern Challenges of a Small Island Developing State. The Cook Islands National Report for the 2014 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Conference and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1074217Cook%20Is%20_%20Final%20NATIONAL%20SIDS%20Report.pdf (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (6) Boyera, S. Tourism-led Agribusiness in the South Pacific Countries; Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA): Brussels, 2016. (7) Cook Islands Tourism Corporation (CITC). Takurua: Food and Feasts of the Cook Islands; CITC: Avarua, Cook Islands, 2018. (8) Thorburn, E.; Milne, S.; Histen, S.; Sun, M.; Jonkers, I. Do Events Attract Higher Yield, Culturally Immersive Visitors to the Cook Islands? In CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations; Scerri, M., Ker Hui, L., Eds.; Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School: Sydney, 2016; pp 1065–1073. (9) Sun, M.; Milne, S. The Impact of Cyclones on Tourist Demand: Pam and Vanuatu. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field for Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds.; Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 731–734. (10) Thorburn, E.; Krause, C.; Milne, S. The Impacts of Algal Blooms on Visitor Experience: Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field For Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds., Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 582–587.

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This presentation focuses on a transdisciplinary approach to innovative and collaborative learning practices driven by technology. It highlights two salient elements associated with industry practices and processes in relation to learning and educational contexts: empowerment of individuals and communities of practice through technology, and a broader consideration of industrial approaches to the concept of learning and teaching enhanced within a digital environment. More precisely, this presentation will feature some of the key theoretical frameworks used in three different settings of learning and teaching in France with regards to the life-long learning approach thanks to Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) (WEF, 2016). It will also discuss the positive effect of the Internet and its affordances (Southerton & Taylor, 2020) on reducing the differences between theoretical and applied knowledge via professional-focused communities (Danvers, 2003). Thus, it will briefly explain that spatial and cognitive learning proximities (Lave & Wenger 1991; Fruchter, 2001) can be reduced by virtue of technology (Anders, 2016; Antonczak, 2019; Glazewski & Hmelo-Silver, 2019) and that ‘computer-supported collaborative learning’ methods can facilitate social and shared problem-solving (Sawyer, 2005; Levallet & Chan, 2018; Presicce et al., 2020) without the ‘restriction of time and place’ (Cheng et al., 2019, 489). Additionally, it will point out some aspects of problem-solving through ‘emancipatory learning and social action’ (Merriam, 2001, 9) through the use of ‘actual’ content and ‘actionable feedback’ (Woods & Hennessy, 2019) enhanced by digital tools and tactics. Next, it will focus on three case studies by concisely presenting key specifics for each of the courses, including the various digital tools used and followed by some quick interim reflections. Then it will summarise the challenges and the barriers encountered across the different practices such as virtual delivery, the size of the students' groups and some connectivity considerations. It will be followed by the principal advantages and opportunities, like the professionalisation dimension through interactive and authentic learning enhanced by affordances. And it will conclude with some managerial recommendations as experiential and practical methods (knowledge codification) thanks to industry-based teaching supported by digital technologies. The presentation will close with the overall conclusion in relation to digital technology and some of the key 21st-century career skills. In general, the findings will be of interest to academics, practitioners and policymakers. The added value of this transdisciplinary investigation is that it improves research on collaborative innovation and collective knowledge by creating a bridge between the fields of Education and Business. Bibliography Anders, A. (2016). Team communication platforms and emergent social collaboration practices. International Journal of Business Communication, 53(2), pp. 224-261. Ananiadou, K. & M. Claro (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41, OECD Publishing. Antonczak, L. (2019). Scaling-up collaborative practices through mobile technology. The 25th International Conference on Engineering/International Technology Management Conference (ICE/ITMC), June 17-19, Nice. Askay, D. A. & Spivack, A. J. (2010). The multidimensional role of trust in enabling creativity within virtual communities of practice: A theoretical model integrating swift, knowledge-based, institution-based, and organizational trust. In 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, pp. 1-10. Cairns, L. (2000). The process/outcome approach to becoming a capable organization. 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Systematic review of design-based research progress: Is a little knowledge a dangerous thing?. Educational Researcher, 42(2), 97-100. Makri, S., Ravem, M., & McKay, D. (2017). After serendipity strikes: Creating value from encountered information. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 279-288. Mascheroni, G., & Vincent, J. (2016). Perpetual contact as a communicative affordance: Opportunities, constraints, and emotions. Mobile Media & Communication, 4(3), 310-326. Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: Pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 89, 3-13. Pont, B. (2013). Learning Standards, Teaching Standards and Standards for School Principals: A Comparative Study. Rapport no. EDU/WKP(2013)14. Centre of Study for Policies and Practices in Education (CEPPE). Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=EDU/WKP(2013)14&docLanguage=En (accessed December 31, 2020). Presicce, C., Jain, R., Rodeghiero, C., Gabaree, L. E., & Rusk, N. (2020). WeScratch: an inclusive, playful and collaborative approach to creative learning online. Information and Learning Sciences, 121(7/8), 695-704. Reeves, T. C. (2005). Design-based research in educational technology: Progress made, challenges remain. Educational Technology, 45(1), 48-52. Southerton, C., & Taylor, E. (2020). Habitual disclosure: Routine, affordance, and the ethics of young peoples social media data surveillance. Social Media+ Society, 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120915612

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel perceived ease of use terhadap behavioral intention dengan trust sebagai variabel intervening pada penggunaan aplikasi m-banking bank umum syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode path analysis dan melibatkan 50 responden yang merupakan nasabah salah satu bank umum syariah sekaligus pengguna aplikasi m-banking bank yang bersangkutan dengan metode purposive sampling secara online, serta menggunakan metode analisis jalur dengan program AMOS untuk mengolah data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived ease of use dan trust berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention, demikian juga perceived ease of use terhadap trust. Penelitian ini juga berimplikasi pada ilmu pemasaran Islam, yaitu mengenai niat perilaku konsumen yang akan berefek pada penggunaan aplikasi m-banking bank umum syariah saat ini dan di masa mendatang, seperti perekomendasian aplikasi tersebut ke orang lain. Maka dari itu, bank umum syariah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas fitur yang terdapat di aplikasi m-banking, mempromosikan secara gencar kemudahan dan manfaat yang akan didapat dari penggunaan aplikasi m-banking agar nasabah tertarik untuk menggunakannya, serta menyederhanakan baik tampilan dan cara penggunaan, sehingga aplikasi tersebut bisa digunakan dengan mudah oleh berbagai kalangan.Kata Kunci: Perceived ease of use, trust, behavioral intention, aplikasi m-banking. ABSTRACTThe intention of this study is to discover perceived ease of use’s impact on behavioral intention with trust as the intervening variable in the usage of Islamic commercial banks’ m-banking applications. This research uses a quantitative approach with path analysis method and involves 50 participants who are customers of one of Islamic commercial banks as well as users of m-banking application of the bank concerned with online purposive sampling method. It also uses path analysis method by using AMOS program to analyze the data. The result of this study indicates both perceived ease of use and trust significantly affect behavioral intention, and so is perceived ease of use to trust. This study also implies to Islamic marketing, which refers to consumers’ behavior that will affect the current and future usage of Islamic comercial banks’ m-banking applications, such as recommending it to other people. Therefore, Islamic commercial banks are expected to improve their applications’ features, promote its convenience and benefits vigorously to attract customers to use it, and simplify both its appearance and usage method, so it can be used by anyone easily.Keyword: Perceived ease of use, trust, behavioral intention, m-banking application. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAlrawashdeh, T. A., Elbes, M. W., Almonani, A., & ElQirem, F. T. A. (2019). User acceptance model of open source software: An integrated model of OSS characteristics and UTAUT. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 11, 3315-3327.Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010). Beyond zipcar: Collaborative consumption. Harvard Business Review, 88(10), 30.Chinomona, R. (2013). The influence of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on trust and intention to use mobile social software. African Journal for Physical, Health Information, Recreation and Dance, 19(2). 258-273.CNN Indonesia. (2021). 180 juta umat muslim baru 30 juta jadi nasabah bank syariah. Diakses dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20210210164446-78-604821/180-juta-umat-muslim-baru-30-juta-jadi-nasabah-bank-syariah.CNN Indonesia. (2021). Penjual 91 juta data Tokopedia beraksi lagi sasar kreditplus. Diakses dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20200804102505-185-531879/penjual-91-juta-data-tokopedia-beraksi-lagi-sasar-kreditplusDavis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3). 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. (1945). https://www.dpr.go.id/jdih/uu1945. 25 Januari 2021.Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Believe, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Massachusets: Addison-Westlyn.Global Religious Futures. (2020). Diakses dari http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/religions/muslimsHassan, H. E., & Wood, V. R. (2020). Does country culture influence consumers’ perceptions toward mobile banking? A comparison between Egypt and the United States. Telematics and Informatics, 46(101312), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101312Infobanknews.com. (2021). Transaksi digital banking mandiri Syariah meningkat dimasa pandemic. Diakses https://infobanknews.com/topnews/transaksi-digital-banking-mandiri-syariah-meningkat-dimasa-pandemiJaiyeoba, O. O., & Iloanya, J. (2019). E-learning in tertiary institutions in botswana: apathy to adoption. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 36(2), 157-168.Jogiyanto. (2007). Sistem informasi keperilakuan. Yogyakarta: Andi.Kang, J. –W., & Namkung, Y. (2019). The role of personalization on continuance intention in food service mobile apps: a privacy calculus perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 31(2). 734-752. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2017-0783Kasiram, M. (2008). Metode penelitian kuantitatif-kualitatif. Malang: UIN Malang Press.Kaur, S., & Arora, S. (2020). Role of perceived risk in online banking and its impact on behavioral intention: Trust as a moderator. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 15(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2019-0252.Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2020). Al-Qur’an surat al-anfal. Diakses dari https://quran.kemenag.go.id/sura/8Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. (2020). Al-Qur’an surat al-anfal. Diakses dari https://quran.kemenag.go.id/sura/108Li, Q. (2020). Healthcare at your fingertips: The acceptance and adoption of mobile medical treatment services among chinese users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6895). 1-21. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186895Meeprom, S., & Silanoi, T. (2020). Investigating the perceived quality of a special event and its influence on perceived value and behavioural intentions in a special event in Thailand. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 11(3), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-09-2019-0043Mostafa, R. B. (2020). Mobile banking service quality: a new avenue for customer value co-creation. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(5), 1107-1132. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2019-0421Namahoot, K. S., & Laohavichien, T. (2018). Assessing the intentions to use internet banking: the role of perceived risk and trust as mediating factors. 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The importance of self-regulated learning is a heavily discussed topic in higher education. Existing literature indicates that self-regulated learning practices and strategies are relevant and important factors in student learning outcomes within blended and online contexts (Broadbent & Poon, 2015). According to literature, the self-regulated learner is aware of their strengths and weaknesses. They set goals, monitor their progress through self-reflection and the constant evaluation of their learning approaches, which enables them to adapt their engagement in academic-related tasks (Hawe, Lightfoot & Dixon, 2019). These are key principles of self-regulated learning, which aims to position learners as active agents in the learning process (Winne & Perry, 2000). Studies have found that students arrive at universities without the skills or practices required for self-regulated learning (Balapumi, von Konsky, Aitken, & McMeekin, 2016). This is a crucial time for students, as they develop new ways of thinking, learning and communicating. Practices and strategies should be introduced to students as they begin their journey into tertiary studies, to ensure they are equipped with the necessary skills that are key to academic success (Lear & Li & Prentice, 2016). To develop students as independent, self-regulating learners has become a valued and desired outcome of higher education institutions, and as such they should offer opportunities to develop these skills as they progress though their studies (Hawe et al., 2019). Therefore, to help and support students in the development and enhancement of their self-regulated learning skills, the Learn2Learn module, was developed by the Technology-Enabled-Learning (TEL) Team at Western Sydney University, and piloted to students in Autumn session, 2021. The key features and functionalities of the Learn2Learn module include, goal setting and study planning tools, lessons and content pieces informed by literature on self-regulated learning, and the ability for instructors to take a specific lesson and embed it in-line with their instructional materials within the LMS. Since its launch, there has been a consistent growth in usage. In Autumn 2021, there was a total of 427 users and 681 sessions have been initiated. Students are spending an average of approximately 8 minutes per session. In Spring 2021, there was a total of new 321 users, with 536 sessions, and an average of approximately 8 minutes per session. More recently, three focus group sessions were conducted, consisting of 4 to 6 students. Students’ experiences with the module confirmed its value in helping their self-regulated learning practices, including, setting goals, self-reflection, planning and time management. There was also a considerable number of responses from the students that have indicated that the module could benefit the first-year transition into university. This presentation will cover the evidence and research that informed the content and design of the module We will provide some insight into the preliminary findings from quantitative and qualitative data analysis and discuss the development process of the module, including an overview of the learner experience (LX) design principles used to guide the design of the module, to help promote student engagement. References Balapumi, R., von Konsky, B. R., Aitken, A., & McMeekin, D. A. (2016). Factors Influencing University Students’ Self-regulation of Learning: An Exploratory Study. In Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference (pp. 51–59). New York, NY, USA: ACM. http://doi.org/10.1145/2843043.2843067 Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: A systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.04.007 Hawe, E., Lightfoot, U., & Dixon, H. (2019). First-year students working with exemplars: promoting self-efficacy, self-monitoring and self-regulation. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(1), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1349894 Lear, E., Li, L., & Prentice, S. (2016). Developing academic literacy through self-regulated online learning. Student Success, 7(1), 13-23. Winne, P. H., & Perry, N. (2000). Chapter 16—Measuring Self-Regulated Learning. In Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 531–566). Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232472158_Measuring_Self-Regulated_Learning

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The multiple factors that define and relate service quality and customer or consumer satisfaction have served as the basis for the development of several multidimensional models that have allowed the study of this important issue. The level of research that will be used in this work is the explanatory levelbecause it is intended to evaluate the role of innovation in the design of the service quality improvement plan and its impact on customer satisfaction. As a case study, the M7D model was applied to two national banks. Among other results, national banks obtained 83.5% compliance with the M7D model, the dimensions with the best performance are customer satisfaction, organization, processes and social responsibility. While, medium-sized banks have a compliance level of 62.7% with the M7D model, the dimensions with the best performance are customer satisfaction, Social responsibility and leadership. It is concluded that banks must innovate at the level of preparation and training of human resources and adequacy. Keywords: quality of service, customer satisfaction, models, innovation References [1]Silva-Treviño J. C., Macías-Hernández B. A., Tello-Leal E., Jesús Gerardo Delgado-Rivas (2021) Ciencia UAT. 15(2): 85-101. [2]Mora Contreras C. E.(2011) REMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing, São Paulo, v. 10, n. 2, p 146-162, mai./ago. 2011. [3]Bustamante, J. C. (2015). Uso de variables mediadoras y moderadoras en la explicación de la lealtad del consumidor en ambientes de servicios. Estudios Gerenciales. 31(136): 299-309. [4]Lai, C. and Nguyen, M. (2017). Factors affecting service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty of mobile phone servi-ce providers in Vietnam. International Journal of Organizatio-nal Innovation. 10(2): 75-85. [5]Ahrholdt, D. C., Gudergan, S. P., and Ringle, C. M. (2017). Enhancing service loyalty: The roles of delight, satisfaction, and service quality. 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Servperf vs. Servqual: reconciling performance based and perceptions minus expectations measurement of service quality. Journal of Marketing. 58(1): 125-131. [16]El-Adly, M. I. (2019). Modelling the relationship between hotel perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 50: 322-332. [17]Guesalaga, R. and Pitta, D. (2014). The importance and formalization of service quality dimensions: a comparison of Chile and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 31(2): 145-151. [18]Kumar, V. and Hundal, B. S. (2019). Evaluating the service quality of solar product companies using SERVQUAL model. In- ternational Journal of Energy Sector Management. 13(3): 670-693. [19]Shi, Y., Prentice, C., and He, W. (2014). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in casinos, does membership matter. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 40: 81-91. 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A SERVQUAL model for assess- ment of service quality in supply chain. Information Technology Journal. 12(15): 3472-3475. [26]Duque, E. (2005). Revisión del concepto de calidad del servicio y sus modelos de medición. Revista Innovar, 25(ene-jun), 64-80. [27]Falk, T., Hammerschimdt, M., & Schepers, J. (2010). The service quality-satisfaction link revisted: asymmetries and dynamics. Journal of the Academy ofMarketing Science, 38(3), 288-302. [28]Arzola, Minerva; Mejías, Agustín Modelo conceptual para gestionar la innovación en las empresas del sector servicios Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, vol. 12, núm. 37, enero-marzo, 2007, pp. 80-98. [29]González, A., & Brea, F. (2006). Relación entre la calidad del servicio y la satisfacción del consumidor: Su evaluación en el ámbito del turismo termal.Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 12(1): 251-272. [30]Olorunniwo, F.; Hsu, M.K., and Udo, G.J. (2006). Service Quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in the service factory. Journal ofServices Marketing, 20(1), 59-72. [31]Morales S. V., and Hernández, A. (2004). Calidad y Satisfacción en los servicios: Conceptualización. Efedeportes Revista Digital, 10(73). [32]Olorunniwo, F.; Hsu, M.K., and Udo, G.J. (2006). Service Quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in the service factory. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(1), 59-72. [33]Parasuraman, A.; Zeithalm, V., and Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality.Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40. [34]Guadarrama Tavira, E.; Rosales Estrada, E. M. (2015) Marketing relacional: valor, satisfacción, lealtad y retención del cliente. análisis y reflexión teórica Ciencia y Sociedad, vol. 40, núm. 2. 307-340. [35]Bilderbeek, R y otros. Services en Innovation: Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) as Co-producers of Innovation. En SI14S Project. SI14SSynthesis Papers nro. 3. STEP Group, 1998. [36]Arzola M. (2007) ¿cómo medir la innovación en el sector servicios?: evidencia empírica en el sector financiero, Venezuela, UCT, 11, 45. 115-122.

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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the variables on the level of trust, the level of service quality, the level of religiosity, and the level of corporate image on customer loyalty in Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), a new bank resulting from the merger of three state-owned banks, namely BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, and Mandiri Syariah. The study uses quantitative approaches with causality description techniques. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with a sample of 405 BSI customers. The results showed that the level of trust and religiosity had a positive effect on post-merger BSI customer loyalty. In addition, the level of service quality has no effect on customer loyalty after the merger. Meanwhile, the level of the corporate image did not moderate the effect of the level of trust, service quality, and religiosity on BSI customer loyalty after the merger. However, as a predictor, the level of the corporate image has a direct effect on post-merger BSI customer loyalty. The findings show that trust, religiosity, and corporate image play a very important role in growing BSI's customer loyalty. Therefore, BSI should consider developing a strategy to increase customer loyalty. Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Trust, Service Quality, Religiosity, Corporate Image ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel tingkat kepercayaan, tingkat kualitas layanan, tingkat religiusitas, dan tingkat citra perusahaan terhadap loyalitas nasabah Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), bank baru hasil merger dari tiga bank BUMN, yaitu BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, dan Mandiri Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodependekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik deskripsi kausalitas. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) dengan sampel sebanyak 405 nasabah BSI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepercayaan dan tingkat religiusitas berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas nasabah BSI pasca merger. Selain itu, tingkat kualitas layanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan setelah merger. Sedangkan tingkat citra perusahaan tidak memoderasi pengaruh tingkat kepercayaan, tingkat kualitas layanan, dan tingkat religiusitas terhadap loyalitas nasabah BSI setelah merger. Namun sebagai prediktor, tingkat citra perusahaan berpengaruh langsung terhadap loyalitas nasabah BSI pasca merger. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan, religiusitas, dan citra perusahaan memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam menumbuhkan loyalitas pelanggan BSI . Oleh karena itu, BSI dapat mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek tersebut untuk menyusun strategi meningkatkan loyalitas nasabahnya. Kata Kunci: Loyalitas Pelanggan, Kepercayaan, Kualitas Layanan, Religiusitas, Citra Perusahaan REFERENCES Alfi, A. N. (2020). 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Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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Abstract:

Las competencias profesionales incluyen una combinación de conocimientos, habilidades y valores. Su dominio garantiza el cumplimiento de las demandas de la sociedad. En este compromiso las universidades y los organismos ex profeso se responsabilizan de mantenerlas a la vanguardia de un mundo cambiante e incierto. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desarrollo de las competencias del contador mediante la percepción de estudiantes del último semestre de una universidad pública del centro de México. Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes han desarrollado habilidades (IES 2) y valores y actitudes (IES 3) con una calificación de entre 8.2 y 7.4 puntos, en una escala de 1 a 10. Los conocimientos (IES 4) obtuvieron la calificación más baja (6.8 puntos), lo cual abre un abanico de oportunidades de mejora. Referencias American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (1999). Core competency framework for entry into the accounting profession. New York: Autor. 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Настоящая работа является первым общим описанием на русском языке двух некрополей Кампокиаро (Кампобассо, Италия) – Виченне и Морионе, датируемых последней третью VII в. – началом VIII в. Культурное содержание некрополей показывает прочные связи с населением центральноазиатского происхождения. Важнейшим признаком некрополей являются захоронения с конем, соответствующие евразийскому кочевому погребальному обряду. Автор поддержал выводы европейских исследователей о том, что с большой долей вероятности некрополи оставлены булгарами дукса–гаштальда Алзеко, зафиксированными Павлом Диаконом в VIII в. на территориях Бояно, Сепино и Изернии. Аналогии некрополей Кампокиаро с погребениями Аварского каганата показывают присутствие в аварском обществе булгар со схожим погребальным обрядом. Из тысяч погребений с конем, оставленных аварским населением, булгарам могла принадлежать большая часть. Авары и булгары составляли основу и правящую верхушку каганата. Народ Алзеко являлся той частью булгар, которая в 631 г. боролась за каганский престол, что указывает на высокое положение булгар и их большое количество. После поражения эта группа булгар мигрировала последовательно в Баварию, Карантанию и Италию. Несколько десятков лет проживания в венедской, а затем в лангобардской и романской среде привели к гетерогенности погребального инвентаря, но не изменили сам обряд. Булгары лангобардского королевства составляли новый военный слой, который представлял из себя профессиональную кавалерию, получивший землю. Эта конная дружина является ранним примером европейского феодального воинского и социального сословия, которое станет называться рыцарством. Библиографические ссылки Акимова М.С. Материалы к антропологии ранних болгар // Генинг В.Ф., Халиков А.Х. Ранние болгары на Волге (Больше–Тарханский могильник). М.: Наука, 1964. С. 177–191. Амброз А.К. Кинжалы VI – VIII вв, с двумя выступами на ножнах // СА. 1986. № 4. С. 53–73. 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Produzioni ceramiche e commerce nell’Italia centrale tra Romani e Longobardi (III–VIII sec. d.C.) / A cura di E. Cirelli, F. Diosono, H. Patterson. Bologna: Ante Quem, 2015. P. 663–671. Marchetta I. Il carattere composito del regno: le necropoli di Campochiaro (Campobasso) (cat. II.36–40) // Longobardi. Un popolo che cambia la storia. Schede mostra / A cura di G.P. Brogiolo, F. Marazzi, C. Giostra. Milano, Skira, 2017. P. 54–58. Mednikova M.B. Prehistoric Trepanations in Russia: Ritual or Surgical? // Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory / Eds. R. Arnott, S. Finger, S. Smith C. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 2003. P. 163–174. Muratori L.A. Antiquitates Italicae medii Aevi, sive Dissertationes. Mediolani: Ex Typographia societatis Palatinae, 1740. T. III. 1242 coll.Pasqui U. Documenti per la storia della citta di Arezzo nel medio evo. Arezzo: G.P. Vieusseux, 1899. Vol. I. 576 p. Pauli historia Langohardorum // MGH. Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI–IX / Ed. G. 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Este artigo fundamenta-se teoricamente à Linguística Sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (2014) e à Pedagogia de Gêneros (Martin; Rose, 2008, 2012) e tem como objetivo apresentar a implementação do Ciclo de Aprendizagem com alunos do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da rede pública. Buscou-se, dessa forma, evidenciar possíveis formas de aprendizagem explícita do gênero notícias, bem como a escrita autônoma de textos. A metodologia aplicada é estabelecida pelo Ciclo de Aprendizagem com alunos que frequentam o turno inverso para um projeto de letramento, oferecido por uma professora da rede municipal. Apresenta-se a análise da produção de um aluno e discute-se a influência da implementação do Ciclo no letramento dos alunos envolvidos. Ah duvido – O que são lendas urbanas. Disponível em: http://ahduvido.com.br/50-lendasurbanas. Acesso em: 11 abr 2016BRASIL. Ministério da Educação/Diretoria de Avaliação da Educação Básica (DAEB). Brasil no PISA 2015. Sumário Executivo, Brasília, DF, 2016BERNSTEIN, B. The structuring of pedagogic discourse. Routledge, 1990.BERNSTEIN, B. Pedagogy, symbolic control, and identity: Theory, research, critique. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.BUTT, D.; FAHEY, R.; SPINKS, S. & ALLOP, C. Using Functional. Grammar: An Explorer's Guide. NationaL. Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Sidney: Claredon Printing, 2003.EGGINS, S. Introduction to systemic functional linguistics. New York/London: Continuum. 2014.GOUVEIA, C. A. M. Compreensão leitora como base instrumental do ensino da produção escrita. In: SILVA, W. R.; SANTOS, J. S.; MELO, M. A. (org.), Pesquisas em Língua(gem) e demandas do ensino básico. Campinas, Pontes Editores, p. 203-231, 2014HALLIDAY, M. A. K. An introduction to functional grammar. 5a ed. Revisada por MATTHIESSEN, C. M. I. M. London: Edward Arnold, 2014.HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; An introduction to functional grammar. 2ª ed. London E. Arnold, 1994.HALLIDAY, M. A. K. Language as social semiotics. 1978.HALLIDAY, M. A. K.; HASAN, R. Language, context, and text: Aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. 1989.MARTIN, J. R. Grammar meets genre: Reflections on the “Sydney School”. Arts: the journal of the Sydney University Arts Association, 22, 47-95, 2000.MARTIN, J. R.; ROSE, D. Learning to write, reading to learn: Genre, knowledge and pedagogy in the Sydney School. Equinox, 2012.MARTIN, J. R.; ROSE, D. Genre relations: Mapping culture. Equinox, 2008PAINTER, C. Into the Mother Tongue: a case study of early language development, London, 1984.ROSE, D. Genre, knowledge and pedagogy in the ‘Sydney School’ David Rose Artemeva, N & A Freedman (Eds.) 2015 Trends and traditions in genre studies. Alberta, Canada: Inkshed, 2015a.ROSE, D. New developments in genre-based literacy pedagogy David Rose In C A. MacArthur,S Graham, J Fitzgerald [Eds.] 2015 Handbook of Writing Research, 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford, 2015cROSE, D. Analysing pedagogic discourse: an approach from genre and register. Functional Linguistics, 2014. Disponível em https://www.readingtolearn.com.au/wpcontent/uploads/2016/01/Analysing-pedagogic-iscourse.pdf>. Disponível em 21 abr 2020.ROTHERY, J. Making changes: developing an educational linguistics. Hasan & Williams. 1996, p. 86-123.WHITE P. R. R. Telling Media Tales: The News Story as Rhetoric. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sydney. 1998.

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Abstract Purpose The energy available to treat the dental pulp after transmittance through overlying structures is clinically important for determining photobiological effects. This ex vivo study aimed to quantify laser energy delivery though the dental crown to the pulp from an initial energy of 5 J using four common laser wavelengths (λ = 450, 650, 810, and 980 nm). Material and methods A total of 30 extracted healthy human teeth (anterior n = 10; premolar n = 10; molar n = 10) were longitudinally sectioned (Project Number: 2021/421, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia). Each sample was methodically exposed in random order to the four wavelengths. Each wavelength was operated at the same power (0.50 W) for 10 s to deliver 5.0 J with a total energy delivery of 10 J/cm2. Laser light was delivered with an 8-mm-diameter fiber bundle probe directed perpendicularly to the buccal cervical-third of the crown. The transmitted energy was measured twice and averaged using a periodically pre-calibrated power meter in blinded conditions. Data were analyzed using a general linear model with logarithmic transformation. Results Wavelength and tooth thickness were significant predictors of optical transmittance (P < 0.05) while tooth type was significant only for the 450 nm wavelength. The average attenuation coefficients (µ) were 2.55, 2.45, 1.87, and 5.42 cm−1 (± 10%) for the 980, 810, 650, and 450 nm groups, respectively. Conclusion Clinicians should recognize that significant attenuation occurs during laser energy delivery to the pulp, influenced by the wavelength, thickness, and tooth type. Our findings support the potential for laser energy delivery to the pulp for photobiomodulation applications.

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Abstract Purpose The energy available to treat the dental pulp after transmittance through overlying structures is clinically important for determining photobiological effects. This ex vivo study aimed to quantify laser energy delivery though the dental crown to the pulp from an initial energy of 5 J using four common laser wavelengths (λ = 450, 650, 810, and 980 nm). Material and methods A total of 30 extracted healthy human teeth (anterior n = 10; premolar n = 10; molar n = 10) were longitudinally sectioned (Project Number: 2021/421, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia). Each sample was methodically exposed in random order to the four wavelengths. Each wavelength was operated at the same power (0.50 W) for 10 s to deliver 5.0 J with a total energy delivery of 10 J/cm2. Laser light was delivered with an 8-mm-diameter fiber bundle probe directed perpendicularly to the buccal cervical-third of the crown. The transmitted energy was measured twice and averaged using a periodically pre-calibrated power meter in blinded conditions. Data were analyzed using a general linear model with logarithmic transformation. Results Wavelength and tooth thickness were significant predictors of optical transmittance (P < 0.05) while tooth type was significant only for the 450 nm wavelength. The average attenuation coefficients (µ) were 2.55, 2.45, 1.87, and 5.42 cm−1 (± 10%) for the 980, 810, 650, and 450 nm groups, respectively. Conclusion Clinicians should recognize that significant attenuation occurs during laser energy delivery to the pulp, influenced by the wavelength, thickness, and tooth type. Our findings support the potential for laser energy delivery to the pulp for photobiomodulation applications.

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The giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770) is a commercial fish and distributes in estuaries and coastline in Mekong Delta, but until now there is only a study on the growth pattern and condition factor variation of this species in Vietnam. This study was conducted in the coastline at Tran De, Soc Trang from January 2018 to December 2018 with 486 individuals were analysed to provide data on gastrointestinal morphology, food and feeding habits of this species. This species is a carnivorous fish due to RLG = 0.697 ± 0.008 SE and feeds mainly on carbs (Uca sp., 76.06%). Besides crabs, small fish (17.63%), shrimps (3.85%), detritus (1.85%) and mollusca (0.61%) are also found in fish stomach. Moreover, we found that 4 individuals that eat ants. The food composition of P. schlosseri does not vary with genders but by season. There is not different in the fullness index (FI) between genders. The FI of the immature fish is higher than that of the mature one and in the rainy season is higher than that in the dry season. The Clark index of giant mudskipper does not be significantly different between genders and seasons. The results offer scientific data on the nutritional characteristics of this species, which is the basis for research on aquaculture and sustainable exploitation of this goby. Keywords Clark index, food composition, fullness index, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, RLG. References [1] E.O. Murdy, A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae), Records of the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia, 1989, Supplement 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.11.1989.93 [2] D. A. Clayton, Mudskippers, Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 31 (1993) 507-577. [3] R. Froese & D. Pauly, FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication, https://www.fishbase.in/ summary/Periophthalmodon-schlosseri.html, 2019 (Truy cập: 13/03/2019). [4] T.X. Tám, P.V. Ngọt, N.T. Hà, Góp phần nghiên cứu về đa dạng thành phần loài cá ở hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn Cần Giờ, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Tạp chí khoa học Đại học Sư phạm Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 40 (2012) 91-104. [5] T.Đ. Định, S. Koichi, N.T. Phương, H.P. Hùng, T.X. Lợi, M.V. Hiếu, U. Kenzo, Mô tả định loại cá Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, Nxb Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 2013. [6] A. Ishimatsu, Y. Hishida, T. Takita, T. Kanda, S. Oikawa, T. Takeda, K. K. Huat, Mudskippers store air in their burrows, Nature, 391 (1998) 237-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34560. [7] A. Ishimatsu, N.M. Aguilar, K. Ogawa, Y. Hishida, T. Takeda, S. Oikawa, T. Kanda, K.K. Huat, Arterial blood gas levels and cardiovascular function during varying environmental conditions in a mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Journal of Experimental Biology, 202 (1999) 1753-1762. [8] Ishimatsu, A., Takeda, T., Tsuhako, Y., Gonzales, T. T., K. H. Khoo, Direct evidence for aerial egg deposition in the burrows of the Malaysian mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Ichthyological Research, 56 (2009) 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-009-0113-2 [9] J. Zhang, T. Taniguchi, T. Takita, B.A. Ali, A study on the epidermal structure of Periophthalmodon and Periophthalmus mudskippers with reference to their terrestrial adaptation, Ichthyological Research, 50 (2003) 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-003-00173-7. [10] Y. K. Ip, S. F. Chew, S. F., A. L. L. Lim, W. P. Low, The mudskipper, In “Essays in Zoology, Papers Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of Department of Zoology” National University of Singapore Press, Singapore, 83-95, 1990. [11] M. A. Ghaffar, F. Yakob, S. M. Nor, A. Arshad, Foraging behavior and food selection of giant mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) at Kuala Gula, Matang Mangrove Reserve, Perak, Malaysia, Coastal Marine Science, 30 (2006) 263-267. https://doi.org/10.15083/00040787 [12] S. Z. Zulkifli, F. Mohamat-Yusuff, A. Ismail, N. Miyazaki, Food preference of the giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, (2012) 07p00-07p10. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2012013. [13] V. T. Toàn, T. Đ. Định, Nghiên cứu đặc điểm dinh dưỡng cá bống dừa (Oxyeleotris urophthalmus) phân bố dọc theo sông Hậu, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ, Thủy sản (2014) 192-197. [14] D. M. Quang, Preliminary study on dietary composition, feeding activity and fullness index of Boleophthalmus boddarti in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 37 (2015) 252-257. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v37n2.6599. [15] D. M. Quang, J. G. Qin, S. Dittmann, T. D. Dinh, Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10228-016-0553-4. [16] Đ. M. Quang, N. T. Duy, D. Sóc, Tính ăn và phổ thức ăn của cá bống trứng Eleotris melanosoma ở ven biển tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Hội nghị Khoa học toàn quốc về Sinh thái và Tài nguyên Sinh vật lần thứ 7, NXB Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 1873-1879, 2017. [17] D. M. Quang, T. T. Lam, N. T. K. Tien, The relative gut length and gastro-somatic indices of the mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton, 1822) from the Hau River, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34 (2018) 75-83. https:// doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4775. [18] D. M. Quang, Growth and body condition variation of the giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri in dry and wet seasons, Tap chi Sinh hoc, 38 (2016) 352-358. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v38n3.7425. [19] G. V. Nikolsky, Ecology of fishes, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1963. [20] N. V. hanh, N. N. Châu, N. Đ. Tứ, N. T. Hiền, A. Vanreusel, N. Smol, Động vật đáy hệ sinh thái rừng ngập mặn Cần Giờ, Nxb Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, Hà Nội, 2013. [21] S. P. Biswas, Manual of Methods in Fish Biology, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi, 1993. [22] A. A. Shorygin, Feeding and trophic relations of fishes of the Caspian Sea, Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1952. [23] F.N. Clark, The weight-length relationship of the California Sardine (Sardina cærulea) at San Pedro, Division of fish and game of California, California, 1928. [24] Đ.M. Quang, T.T. D. My, Hình thái ống tiêu hóa, tính ăn và phổ thức ăn của cá bống mít Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) phân bố ven biển Sóc Trăng, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ, 34 (2018) 46-55. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4740. [25] N.M. Tuấn, T.Đ. Định, Nghiên cứu tính ăn và phổ thức ăn cá bống cát Glossogobius aureus Akihito & Meguro, 1975, Tạp chí khoa học Trường Đại học Trà Vinh, 29 (2018) 63-70.

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Key Performance Indicators in performance management system was attracted by researchers and practitioners. In order to effective implemented KPIs in SMEs, managers must deeply understand about the KPIs, role of KPIs, implemented KPIs. Based on the quantitative method by doing survey with 162 SEMs, author indicated the current situation of the perception of SMEs manager about the fundamental of KPI, roles of KPIs and difficulty implemented KPIs in performance management system. Based on the consistent theory about KPIs , author proposed some solution for manager to enhance their knowledge of KPIs. Keywords SMEs, KPIs , Performance appraisal References Ahmad, M. M., & Dhafr, N. (2002). Establishing and improving manufacturing performance measures. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 18(3), 171-176. Aylin Ates, Patrizia Garengo, Paola Cocca, Umit Bititci (2013), The development of SME managerial practice for effective performance management, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(1), 28-54Ayoup, H., Omar, N. H., & Rahman, I. K. A. (2012). Implementation of Balance Scorecard (BSC) in a Malaysian GLC: Perceptions of Middle Managers. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 7(2), 99-126.Barney, J. (1991), ‘Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage’ Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120Cagliano, R., Blackmon, K. and Voss, C. (2001).Small firms under microscope: international differences in production/operations management practices and performance. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 12, 469– 482.Corbett, L. M. (1998). Benchmarking manufacturing performance in Australia and New Zealand. Benchmarking for Quality Management & Technology, 5(4), 271-282. De Waal, A. A. (2003). Behavioral factors important for the successful implementation and use of performance management systems. Management Decision, 41(8), 688-697.Garengo, P., Biazzo, S., & Bititci, U. S. (2005). Performance measurement systems in SMEs: A review for a research agenda. International journal of management reviews, 7(1), 25-47.Epstein, M. J., & Roy, M.-J. (2001). Sustainability in action: Identifying and measuring the key performance drivers. Long range planning, 34(5), 585-604. Evans, N. (2005). Assessing the Balanced Scorecard as a Management Tool for Hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality, Management Accounting, 17, 5 : 376-390.Jakelski, D., & Lebrasseur, R. (1997). Implementing continuous improvement in the North American mining industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 55(2), 165-177. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5): Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994), ‘Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective’, Academy of management review, 19(4), 699-727.Mai Thanh Lan (2016), Xây dựng các năng lực cho nhà quản trị cấp trung nhằm nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp, Tạp chí Kinh tế & phát triển, 225, 90-99.Lê Quân (2015), Lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp Việt Nam: Hội đồng quản trị; Ban điều hành; Khung năng lực; Thẻ điểm cân bằng; Chỉ số hoàn thành, NXB Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội.Martins, R.A. and Salerno, M.S. (1999). Use of new performance measurement system, some empirical findings. In Managing Operations Networks – VI International EurOMA Conference, Venice, Italy, 7–8 JuneParmenter, D. (2010). Key performance indicators (KPI): developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs: John Wiley & Sons.Rodriguez, R. R., Saiz, J. J. A., & Bas, A. O. (2009). Quantitative relationships between key performance indicators for supporting decision-making processes. Computers in Industry, 60(2), 104-113. Shahin, A., & Mahbod, M. A. (2007). Prioritization of key performance indicators: An integration of analytical hierarchy process and goal setting. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(3), 226-240.Nguyễn Đình Thọ (2012). Phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học trong kinh doanh. Thiết kế và thực hiện. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Lao động xã hộiTsai, Y.-C., & Cheng, Y.-T. (2012). Analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) for E-commerce and Internet marketing of elderly products: A review. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 55(1), 126-132. Yeung, J. F., Chan, A. P., & Chan, D. W. (2009). A computerized model for measuring and benchmarking the partnering performance of construction projects. Automation in Construction, 18(8), 1099-1113.

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Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of actor diversity are theoretically linked to news performance and the democratic media function of integration (Imhof, 2010). This construct is related to the normative assumption that news content should represent society as a whole and thus cover a large variety of societal groups (Boydstun et al., 2014). More recent studies also focus on the influence of algorithms on news diversity (Möller et al., 2018). Analyses are often carried out in three steps. First, all actors are (inductively or deductively) identified. Second, actors are coded according to predefined lists. Third, the level of diversity is determined using diversity indices (van Cuilenburg, 2007). Diversity indices are calculated at article level (internal diversity) or at the organizational level (external diversity) to compare diversity between news articles of a single outlet or between different news outlets. References/combination with other methods of data collection: Studies on actor diversity use both manual and automated content analysis to investigate the occurrence of actors and in texts. They use inductive or deductive approaches and/or a combination of both to identify actor categories and extend predefined lists of actors (van Hoof et al., 2014). Example studies: Masini et al. (2018); Humprecht & Esser (2018) Table 1. Summary of studies on actor diversity Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reliability Masini et al. (2018) Content type: news about immigration Outlet/ country: 2 news outlets in four countries (BE, DE, IT, UK) Sampling period: January 2013 to April 2014 Sample size: N=2490) Unit of analysis: news article No. of actors coded: max. 10 quoted or paraphrased actors per article Level of analysis: article and news outlet level Diversity measure: Simpson’s diversity index National politics, international politics, public opinion and ordinary people, immigrants, civil society, public agencies/ organizations, judiciary/police/military, religion, business/corporate/finance, journalists/ media celebrities, traffickers/smugglers Krippendorff’s alpha average ?0.78 Humprecht & Esser (2018) Content type: Political routine-period news Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 Sample size: N= 1660 Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual) News items are all journalistic articles mentioned on the front page (‘first layer’ of the website) that are linked to the actual story (on second layer of website) No. of actors coded: Max. 5 main actors (mentioned twice) per news item measured Level of analysis: news outlet level Diversity measure: relative entropy Executive (head of state and national government), legislative (national parliament and national parties), judicial (national courts and judges), national administration (prosecution, regional government authority, and police or army), foreign politicians (foreign heads of state and other foreign politicians), and international organizations (supranational and international organizations) Cohen’s kappa average ?0.76 References Boydstun, A. E., Bevan, S., & Thomas, H. F. (2014). The importance of attention diversity and how to measure it. Policy Studies Journal, 42(2), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12055 Humprecht, E., & Esser, F. (2018). Diversity in Online News: On the importance of ownership types and media system types. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1825–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1308229 Imhof, K. (2010). Die Qualität der Medien in der Demokratie. In fög – Forschungsbereich Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.), Jahrbuch 2010: Qualität der Medien Qualität der Medien (pp. 11–20). Schwabe. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97101-2_1 Masini, A., Van Aelst, P., Zerback, T., Reinemann, C., Mancini, P., Mazzoni, M., Damiani, M., & Coen, S. (2018). Measuring and Explaining the Diversity of Voices and Viewpoints in the News: A comparative study on the determinants of content diversity of immigration news. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2324–2343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1343650 Möller, J., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & van Es, B. (2018). Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity. Information Communication and Society, 21(7), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076 van Cuilenburg, J. (2007). Media Diversity, Competition and Concentration: Concepts and Theories. In E. de Bens (Ed.), Media Between Culture and Commerce (pp. 25–54). Intellect. van Hoof, A., Jacobi, C., Ruigrok, N., & van Atteveldt, W. (2014). Diverse politics, diverse news coverage? A longitudinal study of diversity in Dutch political news during two decades of election campaigns. European Journal of Communication, 29(6), 668–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114545712

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Based on the fact that most of factories/manufacturers failed to comply with foreign customers’ requirements for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices from the first audits, the present study aims to explore SME exporters’ understanding of CSR requirements from foreign clients, motivations and obstacles for them to practice and implement CSR. In order to tackle the research objectives, qualitative approach is chosen and in-depth interview with owners, HR/CSR managers and production managers is employed to collect data. The research scope is firms/suppliers in hardlines (non-furniture and non-apparel) section. Thematic analysis is used to analyse and categorise data from interviews. The research findings show some crucial points. Firstly, CSR requirements from clients are not correctly understood. Secondly, there are seven drivers for CSR practices which match with previous studies. Lastly, six per ten obstacles to implement CSR are new findings in the present research context. From these findings, some recommendations are proposed to improve CSR practices in SMEs. Keywords Corporate social responsibility (CSR), motivations (motives), obstacles, SMEs References Albareda, L., Lozano, J. M., Tencati, A., Midtun, A., & Perrini, F. (2008). The changing roles of governments in corporate social responsibility: drivers and responses. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17(4), 347-363. Arevalo, J. A., & Aravind, D. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility practices in India: approaches, drivers and barriers. Corporate Governance, 11(4), 399-414. Baden, D. A., Harwood, I. A., & Woodward, D. G. (2009). The effect of buyer pressure on suppliers in SMEs to demonstrate CSR practices: An added incentive or counter productive? European Management Journal, 27(6), 429-441. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2008.10.004Bondy, K., Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). Multinational Corporation Codes of Conduct: Governance Tools for Corporate Social Responsibility? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(4), 294-311. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00694.xCambra-Fierro, J., Wilson, A., Polo-Redondo, Y., Fuster-Mur, A., & Lopez-Perez, M. E. (2013). When do firms implement corporate social responsibility? A study of the Spanish construction and real-estate sector. Journal of Management & Organization, 19(02), 150-166. doi:doi:10.1017/jmo.2013.12Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34, 39-48. Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295. Cochran, P. L., & Wood, R. A. (1984). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 42-56. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design - choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). the U.S: Sage Publications, Inc.Faisal, M. N. (2010). Analysing the barriers to corporate social responsibility in supply chains: an interpretive structural modelling approach. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 13(3), 179-195. doi:10.1080/13675560903264968Ghasemi, S., & Nejati, M. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility: Opportunities, Drivers and Barriers. International Journal of Entrepreuneurial Knowledge, 1(1), 33-37. Gibson, W. J., & Andrew, B. (2009). Working with qualitative data London: SAGE.Graafland, J., & Mazereeuw-Van der Duijn Schouten, C. (2012). Motives for Corporate Social Responsibility. De Economist, 160(4), 377-396. doi:10.1007/s10645-012-9198-5Hamm, B. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in Vietnam: Integration or Mere Adaptation? Pacific News, 38, 4-8. Hemingway, C. A., & Maclagan, P. W. (2004). Managers' Personal Values as Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1), 33-44. Kang, B. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions and Corporate Performances. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(21), 2662-2673. Lantos, G. P. (2001). The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(7), 595-630. Lin, C.-H., Yang, H.-L., & Liou, D.-Y. (2009). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from business in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 31, 56-63. McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate Social Responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117-127. Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2010). Does Corporate Social Responsibility influence firm performance of Indian companies? Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 571-601. Moon, J. (2004). Government as Driver of CSR. ICCSR Research Series Papers, 24. Pedersen, E. R., & Neergaard, P. (2009). What matters to managers? The whats, whys and hows of corporate social responsibility in a multinational corporation. Management Decision, 47(8), 1261-1280. Visser, W. (2008). Corporate social responsibility in developing countries. In A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon, & D. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 473-499). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Xuan, L. T. T. (2013). Managers' preceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: The construction industry in Vietnam. (Doctoral), Western Sydney University, Xuan, L. T. T., & Khoa, T. T. (2015). Drivers of Corporate Social Respobsibility Practices-A comparative analysis between Spanish and Vietnamese Construction Industry. Paper presented at the The International Conference on Business 2015, Hochiminh city.Xuan, L. T. T., & Teal, G. (2011). A development in defining Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Science and Technology Development, 14(2), 106-115. http://baocongthuong.com.vn/viet-nam-sau-10-nam-gia-nhap-wto-nhung-thanh-tuu-kha-quan.htmlhttp://www.unido.org/en/what-we-do/trade/csr/what-is-csr.html#pp1[g1]/0/

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This research used descriptive approach to illustrate the Linguistic Landscape of the city of Manila as a center of commerce andmulticulturalism. The goal of the study is to identify or describe the languages that are seen or that exist in public spaces of the city, identify the vitality of languages and assess the implications of the language landscape of Manila in the Filipino language situation at present. The researchers took pictures of signs in four selected areas in Manila. It was then categorized based on the taxonomy of Spolsky and Cooper which include: 1.) road signs; 2.) advertising signs; 3.) warning; 4.) names of buildings; 5.) informational signs; 6.) plaque plots; 7.) things; and 8.) graffiti. Photographs also categorized whether it is monolingual, bilingual or multilingual and if it is “top-down” or “bottom-up”. The measure of the vitality of languages spreading across the city was based on the Ethnolinguistic Vitality (EV) theory used in the studies of Giles, Bourhis and Taylor to determine which language is the most dominant or widely used in the linguistic landscape. This research only covers the description of the linguistic landscape of Manila by determining the languages existing in the city and their vitality as evident in the road signs, advertising signs, warning, name of buildings, informational signs, things and graffiti. . It also examined the implications of the linguistic landscape of Manila to the current situation or state of the Filipino language and the challenges it faces in its development. It was discovered that there are six languages spreading and existing in the city such as: English, Filipino, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Spanish. Among these languages, English is the most dominantly used. This study shows that English language is given more importance than Filipino, which is the country’s national language. English language is being used in meaningful activities such as providing information, advertising signs, and building names. The researcher proposes further studies of language learning in other major cities in the Philippines to determine the extent of the spread of Filipino language and dialects thereby maintaining, strengthening and improving the country’s national language more than the value exhibited with the use of the English language. References Akindele, D. O. (2011). Linguistic Landscapes as Public Communication: A Study of Public Signage in Gaborone Botswana. International Journal of Linguistics. Retrievedfrom http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijl/article/view/1157/pdf Almario, V. S. (2003). Nasyonalisasyon ng Filipino. Wikang Filipino sa Loob atLabas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila:Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 11 – 14. Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingualismin Tokyo. SKY Journal of Linguistics. Retrieved from http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2007/ZABRODSKAJA_BOOK%20REVIEW.pdf Ben-Rafael, et al. (2006). Linguistic Landscape as a Symbolic Construction of PublicSpace: The Case of Israel. International Journal of Multilingualism, (3) 1. 7 – 30. Retrievedfrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790710608668383 Bourhis, R. Y., Giles, H., & Rosenthal, D. (1981). Notes on the construction of a“Subjective Vitality Questionnaire” for ethnolinguistic groups. Journal of Multilingualand Multicultural Development, 2, 145 – 155. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254333394_Notes_on_the_construction_of_a_’Subjective_Vitality_Question naire’_for_ethnolinguistic_groups Burdick, C. (2012). Mobility and Language in Place:A Linguistic Landscape of LanguageCommodification. Cultural Heritage in European Societies and Spaces. Retrieved fromh t t p : / / s c h o l a r w o r k s . u m a s s . e d u / c g i / v i e w c o n t e n t .cgi?article=1006&context=chess_student_research David, R. S. (2003). Politika ng Wika, Wika ng Politika. Wikang Filipino sa Loobat Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila:Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 15 – 22. De Quiros, C. (2003). Ang Kapangyarihanng Wika, Ang Wika ng Kapangyarihan.Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ngSANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 28 – 33. Desiderio, L. (2012). NSO: Number of foreign citizens residing in Phl now over177,000. The Philippine Star. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com:8080/headlines/2012/11/26/873745/nso-number-foreign-citizens-residing-phlnow-over-177000 Espiritu, C. (2015) Language Policies in the Philippines. National Commision forCulture and the Arts. Retrieved from http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n a/article.php?igm=3&i=217 Giles, H., Bourhis, R. Y. & Taylor, D. M. (1977). Towards a theory of language inethnic group relations. In H. Giles (Ed.). Language, Ethnicity and Intergroup Relations.London, UK: Academic Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265966525_Giles_H_Bourhis_RY_Taylor_DM_1977_Towards_a_theory_of_language_in_ethnic_group_relations_In_H_Giles_Ed_Language_Ethnicity_and_Intergroup_Relations_pp_307-348_London_UK_Academic_Press Gorter, D. (2013). Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World. Annual Reviewof Applied Linguistic. Cambridge University Press. 33, 190-212. Harwood, J., Giles, H., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1994). The genesis of vitality theory: Historicalpatterns and discoursal dimensions. International Journal of the Sociologyof Language. 108, 167-206. Retrieved from http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jharwood/pdf/harwood%20giles%20bourhis%20IJSL%201994.pdf Johnson, P., Giles, H., & Bourhis. R. Y. (1983). The viability of ethnolinguistic vitality:A reply. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 4, 255 – 269 Retrievedfrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.1983.9994115 Landry R. & Bourhis, R. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnoliguistic Vitality:An Empirical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. Retrieved fromhttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0261927X970161002 Lumbera, B. (2003). Ang Usapin ng Wika at Panitikang Filipino at ang Paglahokng Pilipinas a Globalisasyon. Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa:Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyonpara sa Kultura at mga Sining, 11 – 14. Pennycook, A. (1994). The cultural politics of Emglish as an international language,London: Longman. Santiago, C. C. (2016). Ang Filipino Bilang Wikang Opisyal. Pandiwa: Lathalaanpara sa Wika at Kultura. Manila: Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, (4) 1, 53.Santos, B. (2003). Ang SANGFIL at ang Dokumentasyon ng Pag-unlad ng Filipino.Ang Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebookng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura atmga Sining, 1– 6. Slembrouck, S. (2011). Linguistic Landscapes in the City of Ghent: An EmpericalStudy. Ghent University (Master’s Thesis). Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/786/702/RUG01-001786702_2012_0001_AC.pdf Spolsky, B. (2009). Prolegomena to a Sociolinguitic Theory of Public Signage. InE. Shohamy and D. Gorter (eds) Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. London:Routledge. Torkington, K. (2009). Exploring the linguistic landscape: the case of the ‘GoldenTriangle’ in the Algarve, Portugal. Papers from the Lancaster University PostgraduateConference in Linguistics and Language Teaching. Retrieved from http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/events/laelpgconference/papers/v03/Torkington.pdf Yagmur, K. & Kroon, S. (2003). Ethnoliguistic Vitality Perceptions and LanguageRevitalisation in Bashkorotstan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.Retrieved from https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817249/ethnolinguistic.pdf Zafra, G. (2014). Ang Wika sa pampublikong espasyo: kaso ng tanawing pangwikasa UP Campus. University of the Philippines. Manila _________________. (2015). Safety signs and signals: The Health Safety (Safety Signsand Signals) Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved from _________________ . (2005). Rule XII: General Design and Construction Requirements(2004 Revised IRR of PD 1096). Department of Public Works and Highways.Retrieved from http://www.architectureboard.ph/1%20LAWS%20(&Regns)ON%20ARCH3/National%20Building%20Code%20of%20the%20Philippines%20(Anotated)/Rule%20 X_Signs.pdf __________________. Industry Performance for Travel and Toursim. Department ofTourism. Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.ph/pages/industryperformance.aspx __________________. Philippines: Rules and Reguations on Trademarks, ServiceMarks, Tradenames and Markedor Stamped Containers. Retreived from http://www.jpo.go.jp/ shiryou_e/s_sonota_e/fips_e/pdf/philippines_e/e_syouhyou.pdf

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ObjectiveTo assess evidence for public health impact of syndromic surveillance.IntroductionSystematic syndromic surveillance is undergoing a transition. Building on traditional roots in bioterrorism and situational awareness, proponents are demonstrating the timeliness and informative power of syndromic surveillance data to supplement other surveillance data.MethodsWe used PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles published since 2007 using key words of interest (e.g., syndromic surveillance in combinations with emergency, evaluation, quality assurance, alerting). The following guiding questions were used to abstract impact measures of syndromic surveillance: 1) what was the public health impact; what decisions or actions occurred because of use of syndromic surveillance data?, 2) were there specific interventions or performance measures for this impact?, and 3) how, and by whom, was this information used?ResultsThirty-five papers were included. Almost all articles (n=33) remarked on the ability of syndromic surveillance to improve public health because of timeliness and/or accuracy of data. Thirty-four articles mentioned that syndromic surveillance data was used or could be useful. However, evidence of health impact directly attributable to syndromic surveillance efforts were lacking. Two articles described how syndromic data were used for decision-making. One article measured the effect of data utilization.ConclusionsWithin the syndromic surveillance literature instances of a conceptual shift from detection to practical response are plentiful. As the field of syndromic surveillance continues to evolve and is used by public health institutions, further evaluation of data utility and impact is needed.ReferencesAyala, A., Berisha, V., Goodin, K., Pogreba-Brown, K., Levy, C., McKinney, B., Koski, L., & Imholte, S. (2016). Public health surveillance strategies for mass gatherings: Super Bowl XLIX and related events, Maricopa County, Arizona, 2015. Health Security, 14(3), 173-84. doi: 10.1089/hs.2016.0029.Bermis, K., Frias, M., Patel, M.T., & Christiansen, D. (2017). Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Evaluate Reporting of Potential Rabies Exposures, Illinois, 2013-2015. Public Health Reports 132(Supplement 1) 59S-64S."Borroto, R., Williamson, B., Pitcher, P., Ballester, L., Smith, W., Soetebier, K., & Drenzek, C. (2016). Using Syndromic Surveillance Alert Protocols for Epidemiologic Response in Georgia. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 9(1):e123. doi:10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7707."Daly, E.R., Dufault, K., Swenson, D.J., Lakevicius, P., Metcalf, E., & Chan, B.P. (2017). Use of emergency department data to monitor and respond to an increase in opioid overdoses in New Hampshire 2011-2015. Public Health Reports 132(Supplement 1) 73S-79S. doi: 10.1177/0033354917707934Deyneka, L., Hakenewerth, A., Faigen, Z., Ising, A., & Barnett, C. (2017). Using syndromic surveillance data to monitor endocarditis and sepsis among drug users. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, (9)1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7708DeYoung, K., Chen, Y., Beum, R., Askenazi, M., Zimmerman, C., & Davidson, A. J. (2017). Validation of a syndromic case definition for detecting emergency department visits potentially related to marijuana. Public Health Reports, epublication.doi: 10.1177/0033354917708987"Dinh, M.M., Kastelein, C., Bein, K.J., Bautovich, T., & Ivers, R. (2015). Use of a syndromic surveillance system to describe the trend in cycling-related presentations to emergency departments in Sydney. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 27(4), 343-7. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12422Gevitz, K., Madera, R., Newbern, C., Lojo, J., & Johnson, C. Risk of Fall-Related Injury due to Adverse Weather Events, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2006-2011. Public Health Reports (132) 53S-58S. doi: 10.1177/0033354917706968"Gonzales-Colon, F.J., Lake, I., Barker, G., Smith, G.E., Elliot, A.J., & Morbey, R. (2016). Using Bayesian Networks to assist decision-making in syndromic surveillance. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 8(1), e15. doi:10.5210/ojphi.v8i1.6415"Harmon, KJ., Proescholdbell, S., Marshall, S., & Waller, A. (2014). Utilization of emergency department data for drug overdose surveillance in North Carolina. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 6(1), e174. doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v6i1.5200Harris, J.K., Mansour, R., Choucair, B., Olson, J., Nissen, C., & Bhatt, J. (2014). Health department use of social media to identify foodborne illness—Chicago, Illinois, 2013-2014. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63(32), 681-685. 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Public Health Reports, epublication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354917708994Hudson, L. T., Klekamp, B.G., & Matthews, S.D. (2017). Local Public Health Surveillance of Heroin-Related Morbidity and Mortality, Orange County, Florida, 2010-2014. Public Health Reports (132), 80S-87SHughes, H.E., Morbey, R., Hughes, T.C., Locker, T.E., Pebody, R., Green, H.K., Ellis, J., Smith, G.E., & Elliot, A.J. (2016). Emergency department syndromic surveillance providing early warning of seasonal respiratory activity in England. Epidemiology and Infection, 144(5), 1052-64. doi: 10.1017/S0950268815002125Hughes, H.E., Morbey, R., Hughes, T.C., Locker, T.E., Shannon, T., Carmichael, C., Murray, V., Ibbotson, S., Catchpole, M., McCloskey, B., Smith, G., & Elliot, A.J. (2014). Using an emergency department syndromic surveillance system to investigate the impact of extreme cold weather events. 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Abstract:

Internet banking (IB) is believed to bring a lot of banefits to customers and is provided by most of the banks in Vietnam, but the number of users is still limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons and consumption-decision structure why not many people in Vietnam is willing to use the service. The study is based on Mean Means-End Chain theory (MEC) and uses laddering interview to collect data. Data from a sample of 71 respondents are analysed by employing Association Pattern Technique (APT) and then are demonstrated on Hierarchical Value Map (HVM). The research findings show that there are 06 attributes, leading to 05 consequences, driving to Unsafety and Inconvenience as 02 crucial values which prevent customers from using IB. Some recommendations are proposed accordingly to improve IS usage. Keywords Internet banking, Means-end chain theory, soft/hard laddering interview References [1] Phương, M. (2017, December 01). Việt Nam có tiềm năng lớn về phát triển ngân hàng số. Bnews. Retrieved from: http://bnews.vn/viet-nam-co-tiem-nang-lon-ve-phat-trien-ngan-hang-so/29815.html[2] Internet Users, Facebook Subscribers & Population Statistics for 35 countries and regions in Asia. (2017, December 31). Internet World Stats. Retrieved from: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm[3] Đăng, H. (2017, May 17). Tỷ lệ người dùng Internet Banking tại Việt Nam ít một cách bất ngờ. Báo Mới. Retrieved from: https://baomoi.com/ty-le-nguoi-dung-internet-banking-tai-viet-nam-it-mot-cach-bat-ngo/c/22384122.epi[4] Mbrokoh, A. S. (2015). Factors that influence internet banking adoption in Ghana. University thesis, University of Ghana.[5] Gerrard, P.& Cunningham J.,B. (2003). The diffusion of Internet banking among Singapore consumers, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 21 (1), pp.16-28, https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320310457776[6] Hanafizadeh, P., Keating, B, W., & Khedmatgozar, H, R. (2013). A systematic review of Internet banking adoption. Telematics and Informatics, 31(3), 492-510, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2013.04.003[7] Laura, B., & Kate, S. (2002). A Delphi study of the drivers and inhibitors of Internet banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 20(6), 250-260, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320210446715[8] Lee, E., Kwon. K., & Schumann, D. W. (2005). Segmenting the non-adopter category in the diffusion of Internet banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 23(5), 414 – 437, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320510612483[9] Kuisma, T., Laukkanen, T., & Hiltunen, M. (2007). Mapping the reasons for resistance to Internet banking: A means-end approach. Information Management, 27(2), 77-85, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.08.006[10] Costa, A. I. A., Dekkerb, M., & Jongen,W.M.F. (2004). An overview of means-end theory: potential application in consumer-oriented food product design. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 15(7-8), 403-415, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2004.02.005[11] Gutman, J. (1982). A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes. Journal of Marketing, 46(2), 60-72, doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3203341[12] Hofstede, F., Audenaert, A., Steenkamp, J-B. E. M., & Wedel, M. (1998). An investigation into the association pattern technique as a quantitative approach to measuring means-end chains. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 15(1), 37-50, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8116(97)00029-3[13] Reynolds, J. T., James, P.J., & John, W. L. (1988). Application of the Means-End Theoretic for Understanding the Cognitive Bases of Performance Appraisal. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 41(2), 153-179, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(88)90024-6[14] Olson, J. C., Renolds, T. J., & Partners, R. (2001). The means-end approach to understanding consumer decision-making. in T. J. Reynolds & J. C. Olson (eds.), Understanding consumer decision-making: The Means-end approach to marketing and advertising strategy (pp. 3-20) Mahwah, N.J.: Psychology Press. 2000.[15] Russell, C. G., Busson, A., Flight, I., Bryan, J., van Lawick van Pabst, J. A., & Cox, D. N. (2004). A comparison of three laddering techniques applied to an example of a complex food choice. Food Quality and Preference, 15(6), 569-583. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2003.11.007[16] Reynolds, T. J., & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 11-31.[17] Grunert, K. G., & Grunert, S. C. (1995). Measuring subjective meaning structures by the laddering method: Theoretical considerations and methodological problems. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(3), 209-225. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00022-T[18] Hyunsoo, K., Mincheol, K., Sora, Y., & Kang, D. (2013). A consumer value analysis of mobile internet protocol television based on a means-end chain theory. Emprical Article, 8(4), 587-613, doi: 10.1007/s11628-013-0208-8[19] Yassaman, M. (2009). Reasons Barring Customers from using Internet Banking in Iran: An Integrated Approach Based on Means-End Chains and Segmentation. Master’s thesis. Lulea University of Technology[20] Lee, M-C. (2009). Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 8(3), 130 – 141, doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2008.11.006[21] Martin, C., Oliveira, T., Popovic, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application, International Journal of Information Management, 34 (1), 1-13.[22] Hoang, H. M. (2015). The Adoption of Personal Internet Banking in Vietnam. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 15(2), 173-201.[23] Alalwan, A., Dwivedi, Y., Rana, N. et al. (2015) Consumer adoption of Internet banking in Jordan: Examining the role of hedonic motivation, habit, self-efficacy and trust, Journal of Financial and Service Marketing, 20(2), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2015.5[24] Hoàng, P. T (2016). Báo cáo Tổng quan tình hình an ninh mạng Việt Nam 2016. Retrieved from: http://security.org.vn/Docs/2017/K1%20Mr.%20Hoang%20Phuoc%20 Thuan_CANM.pdf[25] Thúc đẩy phát triển Internet Banking. (2015, July 1). Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam Retrieved from: https://www.sbv.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/vi/menu/trangchu/hdk/cntt/udptcntt/udptcntt[26] Ram, S., & Sheth, J.N. (1989). Cosumer resistance to innovations: The marketing proplem and its solutions. The Journal of Cosumer Marketing, 6(2), 5-13, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000002542[27] Marr, E.N., & Prendergast, P.J. (1993). Consumer Adoption of Self‐service Technologies in Retail Banking: Is Expert Opinion Supported by Consumer Research?. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 11(1), 3-10, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652329310023381[28] Thornton, J., & White, L. (2001). Customer orientations and usage of financial distribution channels. Journal of Services Marketing, 15(3), 168-185, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040110392461

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Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in settled house dust and road dust samples collected from a core urban area of Hanoi. Levels of PAHs ranged from 830 to 3500 (median 2000) ng/g in house dust, and from 1400 to 4700 (median 1700) ng/g in road dust. Concentrations of PAHs in dust samples of this study were within the moderate range as compared with those from other countries in the world. Toxic equivalents to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP-EQs) in our samples ranged from 81 to 850 (median 330) ng BaP-EQ/g with principal contributors as BaP and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, which accounted for 69% to 93% of BaP-EQs. In almost all the samples, proportions of high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs with 4–6 rings) were higher than those of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs with 2–3 rings), suggesting emission sources from combustion processes rather than direct contamination by petrogenic sources. Traffic activities were estimated as important sources of PAHs in the studied areas, for example, vehicular exhaust and tire debris. Keywords: PAHs, house dust, road dust, traffic emission, urbanization. References [1] K. Srogi, Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review, Environ. Chem. Let. 5 (2007) 169-195. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10311-007-0095-0.[2] K.H. Kim, S.A. Jahan, E. Kabir, R.J.C. Brown, A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects. Environ. Int. 60 (2013) 71–80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019.[3] E. Stogiannidis, R. Laane, Source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using their molecular indices: an overview of possibilities. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 234 (2015) 49–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10638-0_2.[4] H.I. Abdel-Shafy, M.S.M. 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Bandow, Concentrations of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter and the gaseous phase at roadside sites in Hanoi, Vietnam. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 81 (2008) 174–179. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00128-008-9450-5. [9] H.Q. Anh, K. Tomioka, N.M. Tue, L.H. Tuyen, N.K. Chi, T.B. Minh, P.H. Viet, S. Takahashi, A preliminary investigation of 942 organic micro-pollutants in the atmosphere in waste processing and urban areas, northern Vietnam: levels, potential sources, and risk assessment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 167 (2019) 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.026.[10] C.V. Hung, B.D. Cam, P.T.N Mai, B.Q. Dzung, Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in municipal sewage sludge from a river in highly urbanized metropolitan area in Hanoi, Vietnam: levels, accumulation pattern and assessment of land application. Environ. Geochem. Health 37 (2015) 133–146. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9635-2.[11] C.T. Pham, N. Tang, A. Toriba, K. 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Total Environ. 553 (2016) 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2016.02.142.[24] T.C. Nguyen, P. Loganathan, T.V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, D. Slee, G. Stevenson, R. Naidu, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road-deposited sediments, water sediments, and soils in Sydney, Australia: Comparisons of concentration distribution, sources and potential toxicity. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 104 (2014) 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.010. [25] C. Y. Kuo, H.C. Chen, F.C. Cheng, L.R. Huang, P.S. Chien, J.Y. Wang, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household dust near diesel transport routes. Environ. Geochem. Health 34 (2012) 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-011-9392-4.[26] W. Wang, F.Y. Wu, J.S. Zheng, M.H. Wong, Risk assessments of PAHs and Hg exposure via settled house dust and street dust, linking with their correlations in human hair. J. Hazard. Mater. 263 (2013) 627–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2013.10.023.[27] N. Ali, I.M.I. Ismail, M. 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Abstract Objective. To describe the quality of the relationship between nurses and patients under mechanical ventilation.Methods. This observational study, performed in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit in Iran, selected 10 nurses and 35 patients through simple random and convenience sampling, respectively. One of the researchers observed 175 communications between nurses and patients in different work shifts and recorded the results according to a checklist. Nurse and patient satisfaction with the communication was assessed by using a six-item Likert scale, 8 to 12 h after extubation.Results. Most of the patients were male (77.1%), while most of the nurses were female (60%). Patients started over 75% of the communications observed. The content of the communication was related mostly to physical needs and pain. Besides, the majority of patients used purposeful stares and hand gestures, and head nod for communication.Most of the communications between patients and nurses were satisfied ‘very low’ (45.7% in nurses, versus 54.3% in patients). However, ‘complete satisfaction’ was lower in nurses (0%), compared with patients (5.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between patients’ and nurses’ satisfaction and demographic variables.Conclusion. The results showed that communication between nurses and mechanically ventilated patients was built through traditional methods and was based on the patients’ requests. This issue might be the cause of an undesirable level of their satisfaction with the communication, given that effective communication can lead to understanding and meeting the needs of the patients.Descriptors: non-verbal communication; ventilators, mechanical; cardiac care facilities; patient satisfaction; intensive care units.How to cite this article: Momennasab M, Ardakani MS, Rad FD, Dokoohaki R, Dakhesh R, Jaberi A. Quality of Nurses’ Communication with Mechanically Ventilated Patients in a Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e02.ReferencesFelce D, Perry J. Quality of Life: Its Definition and Measurement. Res. Dev. Disabil. 1995; 16(1):51-74.Khalaila R, Zbidat W, Anwar K, Bayya A, Linton DM, Sviri S. Communication difficulties and psychoemotional distress in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am. J. Crit. Care. 2011; 20(6):470-9.Wang Y, Li H, Zou H, Li Y. Analysis of complaints from patients during mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2015; 29(4):990-4.Myhren H, Ekeberg O, Stokland O. Satisfaction with communication in ICU patients and relatives: comparisons with medical staffs’ expectations and the relationship with psychological distress. Patient Educ. Couns. 2011; 85(2):237-44.Marasinghe M, Fonseka W, Wanishri P, Nissanka N, Silva B. An Exploration of Patients’ Experiences of Mechanical Ventilation. OUSL J. 2015; 9:83-96.Flinterud SI, Andershed B. Transitions in the communication experiences of tracheostomised patients in intensive care: a qualitative descriptive study. J. Clin. Nurs. 2015; 24(15-16):2295-304.Sutt A-L, Cornwell P, Mullany D, Kinneally T, Fraser JF. The use of tracheostomy speaking valves in mechanically ventilated patients results in improved communication and does not prolong ventilation time in cardiothoracic intensive care unit patients. J. Crit. Care. 2015; 30(3):491-4.Happ MB, Seaman JB, Nilsen ML, Sciulli A, Tate JA, Saul M, et al. The number of mechanically ventilated ICU patients meeting communication criteria. Heart Lung. 2015; 44(1):45-9.Happ MB, Sereika SM, Houze MP, Seaman JB, Tate JA, Nilsen ML, et al. Quality of care and resource use among mechanically ventilated patients before and after an intervention to assist nurse-nonvocal patient communication. Heart Lung.2015; 44(5):408-15.Alasad J, Ahmad M. Communication with critically ill patients. Journal of advanced nursing. 2005; 50(4):356-62.Sabet Sarvestani R, Moattari M, Nasrabadi AN, Momennasab M, Yektatalab S. Challenges of nursing handover: A qualitative study. Clin. Nurs. Res. 2015; 24(3):234-52.Anderson WG, Puntillo K, Boyle D, Barbour S, Turner K, Cimino J, et al. ICU Bedside Nurses’ Involvement in Palliative Care Communication: A Multicenter Survey. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 2016; 51(3):589-96.Otuzoğlu M, Karahan A. Determining the effectiveness of illustrated communication material for communication with intubated patients at an intensive care unit. Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 2014; 20(5):490-8.Jarvis C, Forbes H, Watt E. Jarnis’s physical examination & health assessment. Sydney: Saunders Elsevier Australia; 2012.Karlsson V, Forsberg A, Bergbom I. Communication when patients are conscious during respirator treatment—A hermeneutic observation study. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs. 2012; 28(4):197-207. Shafipour V, Mohammad E, Ahmadi F. Barriers to Nurse-Patient Communication in Cardiac Surgery Wards: A Qualitative Study. Glob. J. Health Science. 2014; 6(6):234-44.Arabi A, Tavakol K. Patient’s experiences of mechanical ventilation. Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 2009; 14(2).Taylor RC, Lillis C, LeMone P. Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.Chahraoui K, Laurent A, Bioy A, Quenot J-P. Psychological experience of patients 3 months after a stay in the intensive care unit: A descriptive and qualitative study. J. Crit. Care. 2015; 30(3):599-605.Happ MB, Garrett K, Thomas DD, et al. Nurse-patient communication interactions in the intensive care unit. American J. Crit. Care..2011; 20(2):e28-e40.Tadrisi S, Madani S, Farmand F, Ebadi A, KarimiZarchi AA, Mirhashemi S, et al. Richmond agitation–sedation scale validity and reliability in intensive care unit adult patients Persian version. J. Crit. Care. Nurs. 2009; 2(1):15-21.Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974; 304(7872):81-4. Invest Educ Enferm. 2019; 37(2): e02 Quality of Nurses’ Communication with Mechanically Ventilated Patients in a Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care UnitNilsen ML, Sereika SM, Hoffman LA, Barnato A, Donovan H, Happ MB. Nurse and Patient Interaction Behaviors’ Effects on Nursing Care Quality for Mechanically Ventilated Older Adults in the ICU. Res. Gerontol. Nurs. 2014; 7(3):113-25.Gold RL. Roles in sociological field observations. Soc. Forces. 1958:217-23.Gashmard R, Bagherzadeh R, Pouladi Sh, Akaberuan S, Jahanor F. Evaluating the Factors Influencing Productivity of Medical Staff in Hospitals Affiliated Bushehr University of Medical Sciences 2012, Bushehr, Iran. World Appl. Sci. J. 2013; 28(12):2061-8.Magnus VS, Turkington L. Communication interaction in ICU—patient and staff experiences and perceptions. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs. 2006; 22(3):167-80.SabetSarvestani R, Moattari M, Nasrabadi AN, Momennasab M, Yektatalab S, Jafari A. Empowering nurses through action research for developing a new nursing handover program in a pediatric ward in Iran. Action Res. 2017; 15(2):214-35.Momennasab M, Ghahramani T, Yektatalab S, Zand F. Physical and Mental Health of Patients Immediately After Discharge From Intensive Care Unit and 24 Hours Later. Trauma Mon. 2016; 21(1):e29231.Hedayati E, Hazrati M, Momennasab M, et al. The effect of need-based spiritual/religious intervention on spiritual well-being and anxiety of elderly people. Holist. Nurs. Pract. 2015; 29(3):136-43. Balandin S, Hemsley B, Sigafoos J, Green V. Communicating with nurses: The experiences of 10 adults with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs. Appl. Nurs. Res. 2007; 20(2):56-62.Happ MB, Tuite P, Dobbin K, DiVirgilio-Thomas D, Kitutu J. Communication ability, method, and content among nonspeaking nonsurviving patients treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Am. J. Crit. Care. 2004; 13(3):210-8.Happ MB, Garrett KL, Tate JA, DiVirgilio D, Houze MP, Demirci JR, et al. Effect of a multi-level intervention on nurse–patient communication in the intensive care unit: results of the SPEACS trial. Heart Lung. 2014; 43(2):89- 98.

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This article is based on the Cognitive Psychology /Information Processing Theory, with emphasis on the study of the learning strategies used by university teachers in order to learn. This study is to analyze the frequency which undergraduate professors from a university in the north of Paraná use learning strategies related to sociodemographic variables. A total of 56 teachers participated in the study, being 57.14% female and 42.46% male ones. The data collection was done online using the Google Drive forms. The results showed that most of the teachers use more the Cognitive and Metacognitive Self-Regulation strategies comparing to the ones of Internal Resources Self-regulation and Contextual and Social. That female participants and teachers from the Letras Vernáculas (Portuguese teaching course) department are the most strategic teachers comparing to the one’s. It is important to emphasize the need for undergraduate courses to include in their syllabus some content about learning strategies, in order to provide to the teachers access to new models of teaching how to learn.ResumoEste artigo fundamenta-se na Psicologia Cognitiva/Teoria do Processamento da Informação, com ênfase no estudo de estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas por professores universitários para aprender. Analisa a frequência do uso de estratégias de aprendizagem de professores de uma universidade do norte do Paraná em função de variáveis sociodemográficas. Participaram da pesquisa 56 professores, sendo 57,14% do sexo feminino e 42,46% do sexo masculino. A coleta de dados foi online, por meio de formulários do Google Drive. Os resultados evidenciaram que grande parte dos professores utilizam com maior frequência as estratégias de Autorregulação Cognitivas e Metacognitivas se comparado as de Autorregulação de Recursos Internos/Contextual e Social. Os participantes do sexo feminino e professores do departamento de Letras Vernáculas apresentaram-se mais estratégicos. Ressalta-se a necessidade de incluir nos cursos de licenciatura os conteúdos sobre estratégias de aprendizagem, a fim de possibilitar aos professores acesso ao conhecimento de novos modelos de ensinar a aprender.ResumenEste artículo se fundamenta en la Psicología Cognitiva/Teoría del Procesamiento de la Información, con énfasis en el estudio de estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por profesores universitarios para aprender. Analizar la frecuencia de uso de estrategias de aprendizaje por parte de profesores de cursos de licenciatura de formación docente de una universidad del norte de Paraná, en función de variables sociodemográficas. Participaron de la investigación 56 profesores, de los cuales un 57,14% es de sexo femenino y un 42,46% de sexo masculino. La recolección de datos se realizó en línea, por medio de formularios de Google Drive. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mayor parte de los profesores utilizan más las estrategias de Autorregulación Cognitivas y Metacognitivas en comparación con las de Autorregulación de Recursos Internos/Contextual y Social. Los participantes del sexo femenino y profesores del departamento de Letras Vernáculas son los más estratégicos comparados con los demás. Se destaca la necesidad de que los cursos de licenciaturas de formación docente incluyan en sus contenidos sobre estrategias de aprendizaje, con el fin de posibilitar a los profesores el acceso a conocimiento de nuevos modelos de enseñar a aprender.Palavras-chave: Psicologia cognitiva, Estratégias de aprendizagem, Formação de professores. Keywords: Cognitive psychology, Learning strategies, Teacher training.Palabras clave: Psicología cognitiva, Estrategias de aprendizaje, Formación de profesores.ReferencesALLIPRANDINI, Paula Mariza Zedu; SCHIAVONI, Andreza; MÉLLO, Diene Eire de; SEKITANI, Juliane Tiemi. Estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas por estudantes na educação a distância: implicações educacionais. Psic. da Ed., São Paulo, 38, 1º sem. de 2014, pp. 5-16.ALMEIDA, L. S. Facilitar a aprendizagem: ajudar os alunos a aprender e a pensar. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. Portugal, v. 6, n. 2, p. 155-165, 2002.ATKINSON, Richard; SHIFFRIN, Richard. The control processes of short memory. California: Stenford University, 1971. (Technical Report, n. 173). Disponível em: <https://suppes-corpus.stanford.edu/techreports/IMSSS_173.pdf>. Acesso em: 1 dez. 2016.ÁVILA, Luciana Toaldo Gentilini; FRISON, Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo; VEIGA SIMÃO, Ana Margarida. Estratégias de autorregulação de aprendizagem: contribuições para a formação de estudantes de Educação Física. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, Madrid, v. 70, n. 1, p. 63-78, 2016. Disponível em: https://rieoei.org/RIE/article/view/7 Acesso em: 24 nov. 2016.BARABÁSI, Tünde. Primary school teachers learning experiences in child-and adulthood and the pedagogical task of teaching to learn. Acta Didactica Napocensia, Cluj-Napoca, v. 6, n. 2, p. 49-60, 2013. Disponível em: <https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1053638>. Acesso em: 20 dez. 2016.BAETEN, Marlies; DOCHY, Filip; STRUYVEN, Katrien; PARMENTIER, Emmeline; VANDERBRUGGEN, Anne. Student-centred learning environments: an investigation into student teachers’ instructional preferences and approaches to learning. Learning Environments Research, Netherlands, v. 19, n. 1, p. 43-62, Apr. 2016. Disponível em: <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10984-015-9190-5>. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2016.BORTOLETTO, Denise. Estratégias de aprendizagem e de regulação emocional de estudantes dos cursos de formação de professores. 2011. 171 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2011.BORTOLETTO, Denise; BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Learning strategies and emotional regulation of pedagogy students. Paidéia, Ribeirão Preto, v. 23, n. 55, p. 235-242, 2013.BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Autorregulação da aprendizagem: contribuições da psicologia educacional para a formação de professores. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, São Paulo, v. 18, n. 3, p. 401-409, 2014.BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Estratégias de aprendizagem e desempenho escolar: considerações para a prática educacional. Psicologia: reflexão e crítica, Porto Alegre, v. 12, n. 2, p. 361-376, 1999. Disponível em: <http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.ao?id=18812208>. Acesso em: 10 jul. 2015.BORUCHOVITCH, Evely; SANTOS, Acácia Aparecida Angeli. Psychometric studies of the learning strategies scale for University Students. Paidéia, Ribeirão Preto, v. 25, n. 60, p. 19-27, 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.journals.usp.br/paideia/article/view/97058/96103>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2016.CUNHA, Neide de Brito; BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Percepção e conhecimento de futuros professores sobre seus processos de aprendizagem. Pro-Posições, Campinas, v. 27, n. 3, p. 31-56, dez. 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-73072016000300031&lng=en&nrm=iso>. Acesso em: 6 jan. 2017.DAVIS, Claudia; NUNES, Marina M. R.; NUNES, Cesar A. A.. Metacognição e sucesso escolar: articulando teoria e prática. Cad. Pesqui., São Paulo , v. 35, n. 125, p. 205-230, maio 2005 . Disponível em <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-15742005000200011&lng=pt&nrm=iso>. acessos em 09 ago. 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-15742005000200011.DEMBO, Myron H.; SELI, Helena. Motivation and learning strategies for college success: a focus on self-regulated learning. 5. ed. New York: Routledge, 2016.DEMBO, Myron. Applying educational psychology. 5. ed. New York: Longman, 1994.EYSENCK, Michael W.; KEANE, Mark T. Manual de psicologia cognitiva. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 2007.FISHER, Robert. Teaching children to think. Oxford: Basil Backwell, 1990.KORKMAZ, Ozgen; KAYA, Sinan. Adapting online self-regulated learning scale into turkish. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, Eski?ehir, v. 13, n. 1, p. 1302-1308, Jan. 2012. Disponível em: <http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ976929.pdf>. Acesso em: 12 fev. 2017.KRAWEC, Jennifer; MONTAGUE, Marjorie. The role of teacher training in cognitive strategy instruction to improve math problem solving. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, Virgínia, n. 29, p. 126-134, 2014. Disponível em: <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ldrp.12034/>. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2016.LEMOS, Lucas Schumacher. Estratégias de aprendizagem de estudantes de pedagogia: relações com característica demográficas e autopercepção de desempenho. 2016. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2016.LOPES DA SILVA, Adelina; VEIGA SIMÃO, Ana Margarida; SÁ, Isabel. Aprendizagem autorregulada: Perspectivas psicológicas e educacionais. Porto: Porto Editora, 2004.MARINI, Janete Aparecida da Silva; BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Estratégias de aprendizagem de alunos brasileiros do Ensino Superior: considerações sobre adaptação, sucesso acadêmico e aprendizagem autorregulada. Revista Eletrônica de Psicologia, Educação e Saúde, [S. l.], v. 1, p. 102-126, 2014.MONEREO, Carles Font (Coord); CASTELLÓ BADIA, Montserrat; CLARIANA I MUNTADA, Mercè; PALMA MUÑOZ, Montserrat; PÉREZ CABANÍ, M. Lluïsa. Estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje: formación del professorado y aplicación em la escuela. Barcelona: Grao, 2007.OLIVEIRA, Hailton Barreiros de; MORO, Leandro Silva, SANTOS, Patricia Peixoto dos; SILVA, Wellington dos Reis. A Formação Pedagógica de professores na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu: Os casos UFU E UFMG. Poiésis Pedagógica, 9 vol. 2, 2012, p. 3–19. Disponível em: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5216/rpp.v9i2.17299PAVESI, Marilza Aparecida; ALLIPRANDINI, Paula Mariza Zedu. Autorregulação da aprendizagem de alunos cursos a distância em função do sexo. Unopar Científica: ciências humanas e educação, Londrina, v. 16, n. 2, p. 100-108, abr. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.pgsskroton.com.br/seer/index.php/ensino/article/viewFile/2893/2830>. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2017.PAVESI, Marilza Aparecida. Análise da aprendizagem autorregulada de alunos de cursos à distância em função das áreas de conhecimento, faixa etária e sexo. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 2014.PIANCA, Humberto José Cardoso. Estratégias de Aprendizagem utilizadas por professores da Educação Básica da Rede Pública de Ensino do Paraná. 2016. 119 fls. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 2016.PINTRICH, Paul; GROOT, Elizabeth V. Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, Arlington, v. 82, n. 1, p. 33-40, 1990. Disponível em: <http://rhartshorne.com/fall-2012/eme6507-rh/cdisturco/eme6507-eportfolio/documents/pintrich%20and%20degroodt%201990.pdf>. Acesso em: 24 dez. 2016.SANTOS, Osmar José Ximenes. O professor enquanto estudante: suas estratégias de aprendizagem. 2008. 143 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.SANTOS, Osmar José Ximenes; BORUCHOVITCH, Evely. Estratégias de aprendizagem e aprender a aprender: concepções e conhecimento de professores. Psicologia: ciência e profissão, Brasília, v. 31, n. 2, p. 284-295, 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-98932011000200007&lng=en&nrm=iso>. Acesso em: 6 jun. 2015.SCHULTZ, Duane P.; SCHULTZ, Sydney Ellen. História da psicologia moderna. 10. ed. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2015.SCHUNK, Dale H.; ZIMMERMAN, Barry. J. Self-regulation of learning and performance: issues and educational applications. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1994.STERNBERG, Robert J. Psicologia cognitiva. 5. ed. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2016.VEIGA SIMÃO, Ana Margarida. Aprendizagem estratégica: uma proposta na autorregulação. Lisboa: Ministério da Educação, 2002.WEINSTEIN, Claire Ellen; ACEE, Taylor W.; JUNG, JaeHak. Self?regulation and learning strategies. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, Medford, v. 2011, n. 126, p. 45-53, 2011.WEINSTEIN, Clarice Ellen.; MAYER, Richard E. The teaching of learning strategies. Inovation Abstracts, Austin, v. 5, n. 32, Nov. 1983.ZIMMERMAN, Barry J.; MARTINEZ-PONS, Manuel. Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American Educational Research Journal, Washington, n. 23, p. 614-618, Dec. 1986. Disponível em: <http://aer.sagepub.com/content/23/4/614>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2015.

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Internet of Things (IoT) applications are increasingly making impact in all areas of humanlife. Day by day, its chatty embedded devices have been generating tons of data requiring effectivenetwork infrastructure. To deliver millions of IoT messages back and fort with as few faults aspossible, participation of communication protocols like MQTT is a must. Lightweight blueprintand friendly battery are just two of many advantages of this protocol making it become a dominantin IoT world. In real application scenarios, distributed MQTT solutions are usually required sincecentralized MQTT approach is incapable of dealing with huge amount of data. Although distributedMQTT solutions are scalable, they do not adapt to fluctuations of traffic workload. This might costIoT service provider because of redundant computation resources. This leads to the need of a novelapproach that can adapt its size changes in workload. This article proposes such an elastic solutionby proposing a flexible MQTT framework. Our MQTT framework uses off-the-shelf componentsto obtain server’s elasticity while keeping IoT applications intact. Experiments are conducted tovalidate elasticity function provided by an implementation of our framework. Keywords MQTT broker, Elasticity, Internet of Things, Cloud computing References [1] Sharma, D. Panwar, Green IoT: Advancements and Sustainability with Environment by 2050. In: 8th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO), Noida, India, 2020, pp. 1127-1132. [2] Turner, D. Reinsel, J.F. Gantz, S. Minton, The Digital Universe of Opportunities: Rich Data and the Increasing Value of the Internet of Things, IDC Report Apr, 2014. [3] MQ Telemetry Transport. http://mqtt.org/, 2020 (30 October 2020). [4] Mell, T. Grance, The NIST definition of cloud computing (draft), NIST special publication 800-145 (2011) 1-3. 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Zambrano, M.V. Zambrano, E.L.O. Mej´ıa, X.H. Calderon´, SIGPRO: A Real-Time Progressive Notification System Using MQTT Bridges and Topic Hierarchy for Rapid Location of Missing Persons, in IEEE Access. 8 (2020) 149190-149198. [16] The features that various MQTT servers (brokers) support. https://github.com/mqtt/mqtt.github.io/wiki/server-support”/, 2020 (30 October 2020). [17] Jutadhamakorn, T. Pillavas, V. Visoottiviseth, R. Takano, J. Haga, D. Kobayashi, A scalable and low-cost MQTT broker clustering system, 2017 2nd International Conference on Information Technology (INCIT), Nakhonpathom, 2017, pp. 1-5. [18] Y. Thean, V. Voon Yap, P.C. Teh, Container-based MQTT Broker Cluster for Edge Computing, 2019 4th International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), Kedah, Malaysia, 2019, pp. 1-6. [19] Detti, L. Funari, N. 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Pham, A Big Data Analytics Framework for IoT Applications in the Cloud, VNU Journal of Science: Computer Science and Communication Engineering 31(2) (2015) 44-55. [24] F. Rodrigues, I.G. Wendt, R.R. Righi, C.A. Costa, J.L.V. Barbosa, A.M. Alberti, Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13(8) (2017) 1-20. [25] Vavassori, J. Soriano, R. Fernandez, Enabling Large-Scale IoT-Based Services through Elastic Publish/Subscribe, Sensors, 2017. [26] A distributed, reliable key-value store. https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4.0/, 2020 (30 October 2020). [27] Roure, C. Goble, Software Design for Empowering Scientists, IEEE Software 26(1) (2009) 88-95. [28] EMQX Broker. https://docs.emqx.io/broker/latest/en/, 2020 (30 October 2020). [29] Kubernetes. https://kubernetes.io/, 2020 (30 October 2020). [30] HAProxy. https://www.haproxy.com/solutions/load-balancing/, 2020 (30 October 2020). 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04–28Atienza Merino, José Luis (Universidad de Oviedo, Spain). L'émergence de l'inconscient dans l'appropriation des langues étrangères. [The role of the Subconscious in Foreign Language Learning.] Études delinguistique appliquée (Paris, France), 131, 3 (2003), 305–328.04–29Belz, Julie A. and Kinginger, Celeste (Pennsylvania State U., USA). Discourse options and the development of pragmatic competence by classroom learners of German: the case of address forms. Language Learning (Malden, MA, USA), 53, 4 (2003), 591–647.04–30Berry, Rita Shuk Yin (Hong Kong Institute of Education) and Williams, Marion. In at the deep end. Difficulties experienced by Hong Kong Chinese ESL learners at an independent school in the United Kingdom. Journal of Language and Social Psychology (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), 23, 1 (2004), 118–34.04–31Couper, Graeme (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand). The value of an explicit pronunciation syllabus in ESOL teaching. 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The conceptual fuzziness of terms like misinformation, disinformation, rumour, gossip, conspiracy theories has been discussed by various scholars (e.g. DiFonzo & Bordia, 2007; Rojecki & Meraz, 2016). In both academic research and media reports, it is common to see these terms being used interchangeably. To develop better understanding of how and why different forms of misinformation operate, it is important to clarify the conceptual boundaries between these terms in a meaningful way. Field of Application/Theoretical foundation: In their social psychology research, DiFonzo and Bordia (2007) propose an effective way to differentiate rumour from other terms, which emphasises the content, function, and context of each concept. This three-dimensional framework can be applied to systematically differentiate concepts related to misinformation. In the field of media and communication studies, as research on digital misinformation continues to grow, it is crucial for researchers to understand the contexts of each concept and choose the appropriate term in accordance with their research agenda. It is worth noting that there are also overlapping dimensions between these concepts. For instance, rumour can contain misinformation, and conspiracy theories can be used for propaganda. Example study: Zeng (2018) Information on Zeng, 2018 Author: Jing Zeng Interest of the study: In her study on online rumours during times of crises, Zeng (2018) applies DiFonzo and Bordia’s (2007) framework to differentiate seven seemingly similar concepts: misinformation, disinformation, rumour, gossip, urban legend, propaganda, and conspiracy theories. Table 1. Summary of main features of seven concepts related to misinformation Content Context Function Misinformation Inaccurate information Any circ*mstances of information circulation. Does not have to have any specific function Gossip Talk about individuals or private behaviour Shared between individuals or in casual social events. Maintaining network, interpersonal relations Urban legend Meaning-making, value-endorsing stories related to contemporary life Casual setting for storytelling. Promote cultural and moral values Disinformation Deliberately deceptive information Disseminated by institutions. Undermine public support Propaganda Messages instrumentally disseminated to promote a political cause Following a top-down pattern, disseminated by official sources. Promote political and ideological values Rumour Unofficial information unverified by authorities Circulated in circ*mstances of ambiguity, danger or threat. Make sense of an uncertain circ*mstance Conspiracy theory Proposed explanations of an event or a practice that refer to the machinations of influential people, institutions, or a secret society Emerged in responses to uncertainty and perceived threats posed by a coalition of elites/secret actors, and constructed as ‘alternative’ explanations challenging narratives provided by governments, mainstream media or scientific institutions. Serves as a threat management response, and often also as an anti-establishment/anti-science, political and ideological stance Misinformation is the most generic one among these terms, in the sense that it does not emphasise the social and political dimension of information. The concept of misinformation is mostly discussed in tandem with information, particularly by Information Science scholars. As a form of information, the defining feature of misinformation is its inaccuracy. Such inaccuracy is not necessarily caused by false information, but can also be caused by irrelevant and incomplete information. Gossip is also a form of unverified information; however, the content is more private, and is mostly circulated in an interpersonal context (DiFonzo & Bordia, 2007; Rojecki & Meraz, 2016). In terms of function, instead of sense making, gossip is propagated for social purposes. As summarised by Foster (2004), gossip functions to achieve the formation, adaptation, and maintenance of social networks. This is to say, individuals share gossip in the context of managing their relationship with members within their social group. For instance, early literature on gossip associated the practice of gossiping with female social networking. As Rysman (1977) pointed out, one key reason behind the patriarchal criticism on female gossiping is gossip’s ability ‘to develop social ties outside the institution of male dominance’ (p. 176). This personal and interpersonal focus on the concept of gossip is its most distinctive feature. Disinformation and propaganda are two very closely related concepts, because they are both disseminated for political purposes (Lewandowsky, Stritzke, & Freund, 2013). In terms of content, disinformation is deliberately deceptive information that is used to undermine public support of a regime, whereas propaganda is information used to mobilise public support for a political cause or a regime (Rojecki & Meraz, 2016). The word disinformation originated from ‘dezinformacija’, a Russian term coined in the former Soviet Union (Karlova & Fisher, 2013). Given the particular cultural and political context in the region at that time, this term was originally closely associated with intelligence operations and political tactics. However, the definition of disinformation has, over time, expanded to include the propagation of misinformation that is non-politically motivated. Urban legends are contemporary tales that are shared to promote moral and cultural values (DiFonzo & Bordia, 2007). Construed in this way, urban legends are similar to propaganda in the sense that they encode and transmit values, but they are used mythologically rather than strategically. Furthermore, where propaganda emphasises political and ideological values, urban legends focus on cultural and moral values. One key criterion for an urban legend is that it must be grounded in the day-to-day affairs of contemporary life, hence the ‘urban’ in urban legend (Bennett & Smith, 2013). A classic example of an urban legend is the claim that a tooth left in a glass of Coca Cola can dissolve overnight. This story promotes health messages to avoid excessive consumption of soda drinks. Another case is the tale of a drugged traveller awakening in an ice-filled bathtub, only to discover one of his kidneys has been removed by organ thieves. This tale echoes a classic form of legend that teaches the moral lesson to avoid dangerous situations. Rumour, in terms of content, is unofficial information – that is, information whose authenticity is not verified by an appeal to authority. By this definition, the defining characteristic of rumour content is not its falsity, but its ‘unofficial’ status and therefore its relationship to social institutions (Fine, 2007). Second, rumour arises in contexts that are ambiguous, threatening or potentially threatening (DiFonzo & Bordia, 2007, p. 20). In such uncertain contexts, rumour functions to make sense of the unknown situation. This may explain why rumour goes hand in hand with crisis events, during which there is often a paucity of information and a state of anxiety among the populace. Conspiracy theories’ content is proposed explanations of an event or a practice that refer to the machinations of powerful people, institutions, or a secret society (e.g. Coady, 2003; Goertzel, 1994; Keeley, 1999). One distinctive feature of conspiracy theories is its reference to a coordinated group of deliberate actors. For instance, in anti-vaccination conspiracy theories, ‘big pharma’ companies are accused of conspiring with politicians; likewise, flat earthers implicate NASA in the plot to keep the truth about the “true nature” of the Earth from the public. Similar to rumour mongering, the context in which conspiracy theories emerge is often one of uncertainty and perceived risks, and conspiracy theorising represents a form of ‘alternative’ collective sensemaking to challenge established narratives provided by the mainstream media and institutions. Therefore, conspiracy theorising is not merely sensemaking, but also has anti-establishment and anti-science undercurrents. Therefore, in terms of function, conspiracy theories serve as (1) a threat management response to ‘secret coalitions’ that are perceived to pose direct threats to the collective well-being, health, and safety of the society (van Prooijen et al., 2018); and (2) a political and ideological stance (Hofstadter, 2012). References Bennett, G., & Smith, P. (2013). Contemporary legend: A reader. London: Routledge. Coady, D. (2003). Conspiracy theories and official stories. International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 17(2), 197–209. DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor, gossip and urban legends. Diogenes, 54(1), 19-35. Fine, G. A. (2007). Rumor, trust and civil society: Collective memory and cultures of judgment. Diogenes, 54(1), 5-18. Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99. Goertzel, T. (1994). Belief in conspiracy theories. Political Psychology, 15, 731–742. Hofstadter, R. (2012). The paranoid style in American politics. New York: Vintage. Karlova, N. A., & Fisher, K. E. (2013). A social diffusion model of misinformation and disinformation for understanding human information behaviour. Information Research, 18(1), paper 573. Keeley, B. L. (1999). Of conspiracy theories. The Journal of Philosophy, 96(3), 109–126. Lewandowsky, S., Stritzke, W. G. K., Freund, A. M, Oberauer, K., and Krueger, J. I. (2013). Misinformation, disinformation, and violent conflict: From Iraq and the ‘War on Terror’ to future threats to peace. American Psychologist, 68(7), 487-501. Losee, R. M. (1997). A discipline independent definition of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48(3), 254-269 Rojecki, A., & Meraz, S. (2016). Rumors and factitious informational blends: The role of the web in speculative politics. New Media & Society, 18(1), 25-43. Rysman, A. (1977). How the ‘gossip’ became a woman. Journal of Communication, 27(1), 176-180. van Prooijen, J. W., & Van Vugt, M. (2018). Conspiracy theories: Evolved functions and psychological mechanisms. Perspectives on psychological science, 13(6), 770-788. Zeng, J. (2018). Contesting rumours on social media during acute events: The 2014 Sydney siege and 2015 Tianjin blasts (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Available at https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115786/.

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SuicideGirls.com In September 2001 two entrepreneurs Missy (coal-black Betty Page bangs and numerous tattoos) and Sean launched SuicideGirls.com. With their backgrounds in graphic design, programming and photography, they came up with the idea of launching an alternative adult site that started out as “a kind of an art project” — it grew out of an interest in Bunny Yeager’s pinup photos, where the control and attitude of the sexy women were emphasized, only now it was about pierced and tattooed females. Missy describes the portrayal of women on the site in the following words: The site is about the girls being in control and being in charge of how they’re portrayed. It’s also proof that sexuality and beauty aren’t mutually exclusive of intelligence, and we wanted to showcase all of the girls, but leave people guessing a little bit. There’s no need to go full-blown p*rno. SuicideGirls.com is an adult community that offers a mix of eroticism, creativity, personality and intelligence. SuicideGirls is about so-called empowered eroticism; it provides a site where girls outside of mainstream culture can express their individual style through soft erotic images, and web logs. Every week the site introduces new SuicideGirls, every day new pictures are added; a full national calendar of events is frequently updated and is searchable by location, date or keyword — members can be looked up by name, age, location or keywords; the site also features a magazine section with original fiction, articles and interviews with celebrities. What makes this site especially interesting is that each SuicideGirl has her own page featuring a pertinent profile with personal information such as age, stats, body mods, favorite books, music, sex positions, and current crushes. She can also put up pictures and video materials — including a web cam — of herself, express her thoughts and share her daily experiences in a blog, comment on other blogs and message boards, chat in designated chat rooms, and organize online and offline events. Kate78, Texan-born, is a regular blogger. She writes about her studies in Kansas City, a city she has come to hate after she learned that her car insurance could only be renewed in Texas. She describes herself as a “punk rock chick” — illustrated by pictures that show her with long spiky hair; she has got her nose pierced and her many tattoos — and a “suicidegirl”. There are plenty of blogs — e.g. LiveJournal, Blogspot, Punklog — where girls write about wanting to become a SuicideGirl. The girls are mainly motivated by a wish to share their bodily art paralleled by a sense of being in control over their image and admirers (they keep control over the photo sets and shoots). SuicideGirls.com is foremost an online community and therefore girls from all over the world can potentially become a SuicideGirl, as long as they have access to the Internet in order to publish to their personal page. These girls are in charge of their own online presentation, supported by a lively community where both women and men interact by reading and posting to the girls and each other’s blogs. In addition, members of the site can also post local events to the SuicideGirl calendar or the message boards, comment on pictures, and even hook up with one another. With the ability for members to create their own page, with their own profile picture and personal information, members can search for one another based on location, age, sex and personal preferences. Indeed, not only the SuicideGirls themselves have online pages to fill: subscribers to SuicideGirls.com have similar ‘privileges’, with the exception that they have to pay a small fee of $4 per month — though they can never refer to themselves as SuicideGirl: anyone entering the site has to log in as either ‘SuicideGirl’ or ‘Member’. Thus, SuicideGirls.com mixes a DIY attitude with alternative culture — especially Gothic, Punk and Emo — resulting in an appealing grassroots approach to sexuality that is of interest to both women and men. At the same time, the public identity of a SuicideGirl is constructed within a particular textual context dependent on commercial drivers. Through attracting fans on the basis of her “autonomous” self-representation — Goth fans, for instance — she brings in customers, raising questions about the tensions between “grassroots” self-representation and corporate branding. Collaborative Eroticism as Business Model We should document the interactions that occur among media consumers, between media consumers and media texts and between media consumers and media producers. The new participatory culture is taking shape at the intersection between three trends: 1) new tools and technologies enable consumers to archive, annotate, appropriate and re-circulate media content; 2) a range of subcultures promote do-it-yourself (DIY) media production, a discourse that shapes how consumers have deployed those technologies; and 3) economic trends favoring the horizontally integrated media conglomerates encourage the flow of images, ideas and narratives across multiple media channels and demand more active modes of spectatorship” (Jenkins 157). Traditionally the organization of economic production is based on the idea that individuals order their productive activities either on managerial hierarchies, or on production that is based on market prices (Benkler). Peer production represents a new mode of organizing that is not based on relations of dependence (managerial hierarchies) nor relations of independence (markets) rather peer production involves relations of interdependence. Peer production is a heterarchy characterized by relations of minimal hierarchy and by organizational heterogeneity (Stark). While traditionally structured organizations attempt to maximize internal order and control by enforcing a hierarchical system and establishing standards and clear lines of authority (Powell), heterarchies exist through permitting and even fostering a diversity of organizational logics and minimizing conformity (Chan). With the introduction of Mosaic and the Pentium chip in the mid-1990s the notion of the organization of production profoundly changed. The Internet could be used for more than looking up information or sending email. Instead, it offers a structure where participants are not organized by managerial hierarchies nor governed by price signals rather where people formed networks to collaborate in open source software projects or effectively constructing ‘user-created search engines’ for the exchange of e.g., music files, games (KaZaA, Gnutella), news and chat. While the present moment is marked by a legal standoff between robust communities of users (cultural co-producers) and the established media industry (particularly the music and film industry), some elements of the corporate media world have taken a different approach, embracing the new technological use rather than attempting to outlaw it. These corporations have found their way to online participatory networks and are attempting to use them for their own good. For instance, companies like Coca-Cola, BMW, and Apple offer online spaces – often in the form of thinly veiled advertisem*nts (‘advertainment’) – where people can play games, watch movies, share files and the like in order to create or promote a company’s product, service or brand. They crucially rely upon blurring the boundaries between production, distribution and consumption, encouraging the target audience to work for them. Whether by playing games with embedded advertising, or inadvertently sending marketing information back to advertisers, or simply by passing advertising texts within one’s circle of friends, the target audience and the larger dynamic of participatory networks are ‘used’ by corporations to achieve their ends. SuicideGirls.com is a good example example of this emerging mode of (commons-based) peer production in a digitally networked environment – i.e. groups of individuals who participate in online shared spaces driven by diverse motivations, and serving corporate as well as community needs. The SuicideGirls’ blogs are the shared currency that binds SuicideGirls.com and its erotic consumers together as a “community”: SuicideGirls.com taps into online communities by enabling collaborative eroticism. Moving beyond adult entertainment, this trend of using blogs for commercial purposes raises interesting questions regarding, on the one hand, the cultural status of online blogging from a commercial perspective, e.g., how should we consider the cultural status of artifacts such as blogs that have commerce at the core of their identity: Can we speak of a displacement of aesthetic experience by the branding experience, or might these two experiences be seen as part of a continuum?; and, on the other hand, regarding participatory culture in a commercially mediated environment: e.g., What is the status of b2c, c2c, and p2p in a commercially structured network; What are the implications for user appropriation? The answers to these questions among others studied by various academic disciplines may contribute to the building of a framework for examining the consequences of this strategic shift towards relating to, reaching out to and linking online customers in a commercial web (b)log. 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London: Pandora Press, 1990. MLA Style Van der Graf, Shenja. "Blogging Business: SuicideGirls.com." M/C Journal 7.4 (2004). 10 October 2004 <http://www.media-culture.org.au/0410/07_suicide.php>. APA Style Van der Graf, S. (2004 Oct 11). Blogging Business: SuicideGirls.com, M/C Journal, 7(4). Retrieved Oct 10 2004 from <http://www.media-culture.org.au/0410/07_suicide.php>